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OCR GCSE physics > P6.1 > Flashcards

P6.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the relative mass and charge of the different subatomic particles

A

Proton 1 +1
Neutron 1 0
Electron 0.0005 -1

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2
Q

What are isotopes

A

Isotopes are different number of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons

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3
Q

How to calculate amount of neturons

A

Mass number - atomic number

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4
Q

Why do nuclei of atoms emit radiation

A

Because they are unstable and emit radiation. This radiation can be made up of particles and waves.

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5
Q

What is alpha radiation

A

It’s a particle, symbol a, it’s the nucleus of a helium atom, 4 2 He

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6
Q

What is beta radiation

A

It’s a particles, symbol B, a fast moving electron, 0 -1 e

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7
Q

What is gamma radiation

A

Electromagnetic wave, Y, a wave of the electromagnetic spectrum

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8
Q

What is neutron radiation

A

It’s a particle, N, a particle in the nucleus, 1 0 n

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9
Q

What is the bottom number and the top number

A

Is the charge and the top number the relative atomic mass

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10
Q

How does beta radiation occur

A

A nucleus doesn’t have electrons in it so it decays to form a proton and electron.

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11
Q

What is a geiger counter

A

A geiger counter is a device that clicks when radiation enters it. A click is a current produced when the radiation ionises the gas inside the tube.

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12
Q

What radiation has the lowest penetrative power

A

Alpha particles have the lowest penetrative power and can be stopped by a few sheets of paper.

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13
Q

What radiation has the medium penetrative power

A

Beta particles have the medium penetrative power and can be stopped by a few mm of aluminium.

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14
Q

What radiation has the highest penetrative power

A

Gamma particles have the highest penetrative power and can be stopped by a few cm of lead.

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15
Q

What is the order of the radiation in ionising power

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

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16
Q

What can radiation do

A

Radiation is ionising and can remove electrons from atoms forming positively charged ions.

17
Q

Why are alpha particles the most ionising

A

Alpha particles are the most ionising as they transfer more energy to the material they are travelling through.

18
Q

What is the general formula for alpha decay

A

DRAW IT

19
Q

What do you have to make sure of in a nuclear equation

A

The charges and masses need to add up.

20
Q

What is the formula for beta decay

A

DRAW IT

21
Q

What is the formula for neutron emission

A

DRAW IT

22
Q

When does material emit radiation (time wise)

A

it emits radiation randomly

23
Q

What does a geiger counter measure

A

A geiger counter can measure the radiation (photons or particles) emitted per second. This is called activity, or count rate, of the sample, and is measured in (Bq).

24
Q

What is one Bequerel

A

The count per second

25
Q

What is the half life

A

The time it takes for the activity to halve is the half life. This is the same time for the nuclei of half the atoms to decay.

26
Q

Why is half life constant

A

Is constant because the probability that any one nucleus decays in one second is fixed.

27
Q

What happens when atoms decay

A

They change to the atom of a different element. They eventually become stable.

28
Q

What do electrons do

A

They occupy specified energy levels around the nucleus of the atoms. They occupy the lowest energy level at the smallest distance from the nucleus.

29
Q

What is the energy in each photon proportional to

A

Its proportional to the frequency

30
Q

What does an absorption spectrum show

A

Shows the set of frequencies of radiation absorbed by an atom when excited electrons move to higher energy levels.

31
Q

When a photon has enough energy what happens

A

It can completely remove an electron from the atom and it becomes ionised.

32
Q

How can you excite electrons

A

By passing a current through it.

33
Q

What happens when a electron move down radiation levels

A

They emit radiation.

34
Q

What does an emission spectrum show

A

An emission spectrum shows a set of frequencies of radiation emitted by an atom when it does it.

35
Q

What does the frequency of radiation emitted depend on

A

It depends on the difference in energy of the energy levels. The largest energy difference is from energy level just below ionisation.

36
Q

What are gamma rays

A

Gamma rays are the highest energy radiation.

OCR GCSE physics (21 decks)

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