P5: Skull & Vertebral Column

Question 1

Which cranial suture joins 2 parietal bones?

a. sagittal suture
b. coronal sture
c. lambdoid suture
d. none of the above

Answer 1

sagittal

Question 2

which of the bones is not part of the Pterion?

a. frontal
b. sphenoid
c. occipital
d. temporal

Answer 2

Pterion= weakest part of the skull. Part where 4 regions of the skull join together:

1. frontal
2. parietal
3. sphenoid
4. temporal

A tramatic blow to it can rupture the middle meningeal artery causing an epidural hematoma (bleeding outside of dura).

ANSWER: occipital should be ruled out because it is all the way at the back of the skull

Question 3

Which of the following vertebrae possess superior and inferior costal facets?

a. cervical vertebrae
b. lumbar vertebrae
c. thoracic vertebrae
d. sacral vertebrae (sacrum)

Answer 3

We have 12 thoracic vertebras which are the only bones in the spine that connect to the ribs.

Fun fact: Thoracic vertebras are unique for have overlapping spinous processes + T11 & T12 don’t connect to ribs.

Question 4

Which of the following composition represents noral spinal curvature?

a. Cervical Kyphosis, Lumbar Lordosis
b. Cervical Kyphosis, Thoracic Lordosis
c. Thoracic Kyphosis, Lumbar Lordosis
d. Thoracic Lordosis, Lumbar Kyphosis

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Name the 3 structures of the frontal bone in image:

Answer 5

Question 6

Name 5 structures of the Temporal bone in image:

Answer 6

Question 7

Name main structures of occipita bone in image:

Answer 7

Question 8

Name important componenets of frontal and temporal bone:

Answer 8

Question 9

Name structures and describe their overall significance:

Answer 9

The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid (from Greek pteryx, pterygos, “wing”), one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and the greater wings of the sphenoid bone unite.

Each process consists of a medial pterygoid plate and a lateral pterygoid plate, the latter of which serve as the origins of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. The medial pterygoid, along with the masseter allows the jaw to move in a vertical direction as it contracts and relaxes. The lateral pterygoid allows the jaw to move in a horizontal direction during mastication.

Question 10

Name these structures of the vertebral column:

Answer 10

Question 11

Name these connecting structures in the vertebrae

Answer 11

Question 12

Name this structure of the vertebrae

Answer 12

Spinous Process

Question 13

Name vertebral column structures in image

Answer 13

Question 14

Name structures in red. Bonus brownie points for naming structures in blue.

Answer 14

Question 15

Identify the unique cervical vertebras and their components:

Answer 15

C1 is referred to as atlas (stemming from Greek mythology, in which Atlas supported the weight of the world) and C2 is called axis (for its purpose of motion). It is these very first two vertebrae which have the most specialized jobs; a unique set of movements for the skull.

• C1= YES is attached directly to the skull which allows for any nodding lateral motions.
• C2= NO is the axis which C1 pivots around and lets us move our skulls from side to side in a horizontal motion.

C1 and C2 are uniquely shaped and have vertebral foramen (spaces within the bone) which allow the vertebral arteries to reach through to the brain and supply it with blood. This vertebral formation is only seen in the cervical region.

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

What is the red structure?

Answer 17

Specific to the cervical vertebra is the transverseforamen (also known as foramen transversarium). This is an opening on each of the transverse processes which gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a sympathetic nerve plexus