P3: Singular/Plural nouns/verbs/pronouns (ch21-22) Flashcards
Plural regular noun
- Regular: noun +s (plural noun more than one)
plural calf
calves
plural cargo
cargoes
Irregular plural man
men
‘Foreign’ nouns (3)
- -es (basis - bases)
- -i (cactus - cacti)
- -a (medium - media/stadium - stadia)
Plural singular noun
Singular noun: when noun is a combination preceeded by number + ‘-‘
(two-hour journey)
Plural noun ending on hissing sound
- End hissing: noun + es
Plural noun ending on -y
- End consonant + y: noun + ies
2. End vowel + y: noun + s
Plural noun ending on -o
- consonant +o: noun + es (exceptions!)
2. vowel+o: noun + s
plural noun ending on -f
noun + s (exceptions!)
Plural abbreviations
abbreviation +s
Plural dates
date/year +s
Plural half
halves
plural knife
knives
plural leaf
leaves
plural life
lives
plural loaf
loaves
plural shelf
shelves
plural thief
thieves
plural wife
wives
plural wolf
wolves
plural handkerchief
handkerchiefs
handkerchieves
plural scarf
scarfs/scarves
plural potato
potatoes
plural tomato
tomatoes
plural hero
heroes
plural negro
negroes
plural echo
echoes
plural woman
women (irregular)
plural goose
geese (irregular)
plural tooth
teeth (irregular)
plural foot
feet (irregular)
plural child
children (irregular)
plural louse
lice (irregular)
plural mouse
mice (irregular)
Female actor
actress
Female heir
heiress
Female host
hostess
Female waiter
waitress
Female duke
duchess
Female prince
princess
Female count
countess
Female widower
widow
Female hero
heroine
Female (bride)groom
bride
Female policeman
policewoman
Female salesman
saleswoman/salesgirl
Female chairman
chairwoman
Female spokesman
spoleswoman
Female nephew
niece
Female fiancé
fiancée
Female doctor
doctor
male nurse
nurse
plural basis
bases
plural crisis
crises
plural oasis
oases
plural analysis
analyses
plural thesis
theses
plural hypothesis
hypotheses
plural stimulus
stimuli
plural cactus
cacti
cactuses
plural terminus
termini
terminuses
plural aquarium
aquariums
aquaria
plural referendum
referendums
referenda
plural bacterium
bacteria
plural medium
media
plural curriculum
curricula
curriculums
plural stadium
stadia
stadiums
plural criterion
criteria
plural phenomenon
phenomena
plural sheep
sheep
plural deer
deer
plural fish
fish
plural series
series
plural means
means
plural barracks
barracks
plural works
works
plural headquarters
headquarters
plural Japanese
Japanese
plural Chinese
Chinese
plural Vietnamese
Vietnamese
plural Portuguese
Portuguese
plural Swiss
Swiss
plural craft
craft
plural spacecraft
spacecraft
plural aircraft
aircraft
objects consisting of two equal parts
- Always plural
- a/an or number => use pair of..
spijkerbroek
jeans (consisting of two equal parts)
broek
trousers (consisting of two equal parts)
korte broek
shorts (consisting of two equal parts)
pyjama
pyjamas (consisting of two equal parts)
onderbroek
(under)pants (consisting of two equal parts)
damesslip
knickers (consisting of two equal parts)
panty
tights (consisting of two equal parts)
bril
spectacles (consisting of two equal parts)
bril/verrekijker/toneelkijker
glasses (consisting of two equal parts)
verrekijker
binoculars (consisting of two equal parts)
schaar
scissors (consisting of two equal parts)
pincet
tweezers (consisting of two equal parts)
nijptang
pincers (consisting of two equal parts)
passer
compasses (consisting of two equal parts)
nouns always plural => (verb)
plural verb & pronouns
the police have arrested him
plural contents
contents
plural people
people
plural cattle
cattle
plural customs
customs
plural surroundings
surroundings
plural proceeds
proceeds
plural premises
premises
plural damages
damages
plural headquarters
headquarters
plural staff
staff
plural wages
wages
plural savings
savings
plural business
- business (= zaken: always single & uncountable)
2. businesses (=bedrijven/winkels)
plural advice
advice (always single & uncountable)
plural information
information (always single & uncountable)
plural furniture
furniture (always single & uncountable)
plural progress
progress (always single & uncountable)
nouns ending on -ics
always singular
Mathematics, Economics (school subject or science)
The United States + verb/pronoun form
singular verb
The U.S. has sent troops
The Netherlands/The United Nations + verb/pronoun form
singular + plural verb
The U.N. has adopted the resolution/ The U.N. have adopted a resolution.
PS addresses always without ‘the’!
collective noun + verb/pronoun form (2)
- singular if referred to a team/group/unit
2. plural if referred to a group of individuals
a number of + verb form
always plural
A number of women have applied for this job