P3: Sentence analysis (ch1, 2 & 5)

Question 1

sentence (form =2)

Answer 1

1. simple sentence (= sentence containing 1 clause)

2. complex sentence

Question 2

clause

Answer 2

structure which consists of a subject + at least 1 predicator

Question 3

subject

Answer 3

onderwerp

Question 4

predicator

Answer 4

werkwoordelijk gezegde; verb in the predicate

Question 5

predicate

Answer 5

what is said about the subject (all the words outside the subject)

Question 6

direct object

Answer 6

lijdend voorwerp; the person/thing/animal that is affected by the action expressed by the predicator.

Question 7

adverbial

Answer 7

bijwoordelijke bepaling; gives information about when, where, why, how, under what circumstances, to what degree etc something takes place.

Question 8

implified subject

Answer 8

geïmpliceerd onderwerp; usually ‘you’ in an order. Example: Wait! (= you wait)

Question 9

verbless sentences

Answer 9

sentences without a verb.

Example: Go to that party? Never! (= I would never)

Question 10

analysing

Answer 10

redekundig ontleden;

Question 11

SPOCA

Answer 11

strategy for analysing sentences.
Subject
Predicator
Objects (direct object + indirect object)
Complements (subject complement + object complement)
Adverbials (any remaining sentence elements)

Question 12

phrase elements

Answer 12

• noun phrases (the head, determiners + modifiers)
• adjective, adverb & verb phrases (head + modifiers)
• preposition phrases (head + prepositional complement of analysis)

Question 13

preposition phrase

Answer 13

part of the sentence with the preposition
head = preposition
complement = all other words (saying st about the head)

Question 14

noun phrase

Answer 14

part of a sentence belonging to a noun
head = noun
determiner = pointing to the head
premodifier = all other words (saying st about the head)

Question 15

verb phrase

Answer 15

part of a sentence including the verbs
head= main verb
premodifier= all other verbs (auxiliary verbs)

Question 16

adjective phrase

Answer 16

bijvoeglijknaamwoord groep; tells you st about the predicate
head = adjective
premodifier = before the head
postmodifier = after the head

Question 17

syntatic function

Answer 17

function that a sentence has in building the sentence

Question 18

Subject complement

Answer 18

Explains st about the subject = subject attribute

Question 19

object complement

Answer 19

a noun phrase or an adjective phrase which follows the direct object ans expresses what the direct object is of becomes.

Question 20

head

Answer 20

can replace the whole phrase without changing the structure of the sentence.

Question 21

modifiers

Answer 21

a phrase that says something about the head of a phrase.

• premodifier = voorbepaling
• postmodifier = nabepaling

Question 22

determiners

Answer 22

a word that identifies the head of a noun phrase or indicates number or quantity. Only in noun phrases

Question 23

important determiners (8)

Answer 23

1. articles; the, a, an
2. demonstrative pronouns; this, that, these, those
3. possesive pron.; my, your,his, her, its, our, their
4. the genitive; Peter’s, father’s
5. interrogative pron.; whose, which, what
6. indefinite pron.; some, any, every, each
7. numerals; one, two, hundred, first, second
8. quantifiers; much, many, more, most, enough, a lot of