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Grammar > P3: Possesive form, adjective, adverb (Ch23/24/25/26/27) > Flashcards

P3: Possesive form, adjective, adverb (Ch23/24/25/26/27) Flashcards

1
Q

possession (2)

A
  1. ’s = possesive form (Barbara’s bank card)

2. of = of phrase (Parks of London/keyboard of the computer)

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2
Q

possesive form proper nouns (eigen namen)

A

’s

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3
Q

possesive form towns/countries

A

of

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4
Q

possesive form persons & animals

A

’s or of

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5
Q

possesive form irregular plurals

A

’s

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6
Q

possesive form proper nouns + plural nouns ending on ‘-s’

A

just ‘

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7
Q

possesive form things

A

of

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8
Q

possesive form collective nouns

A

’s or of

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9
Q

possesive form refering to places

A

’s or of

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10
Q

possesive form means of transport

A

’s or of

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11
Q

possesive form nouns referring to time

A

’s

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12
Q

possesive form double possesive

A

of + ‘s (a friend of my brother’s)

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13
Q

possesive form without following noun

A

’s = repetition (Whose bike is this? It’s Kate’s)

= reference to houses, shops and firms (butcher’s, Harrods)

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14
Q

classifying possesive form

A

to express the kind or class of persons or things to which the following noun belongs. (a summer’s day, a children’s book)

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15
Q

what is an adjective?

A

a word that is used to give information about a person or a thing (a small child)

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16
Q

General rule degrees of comparison

A

(trappen van vergelijking)
comparative = vergrotende trap
superlative = overtreffende trap
+-er / +-est
Example: cold - colder - coldest (one syllable)
famous - more famous - most famous (more syllables)

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17
Q

rule (comparison) two-syllables ending in -le, -er, -ow, -y

A

take -er/-est or more/most

Exception: with stress on last syllable = er/est

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18
Q

spelling exceptions degrees of comparison

A
  1. -y => ier / iest

2. final consonant doubled if one stressed vowel letter: fat - fatter - fatest

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19
Q

irregular degrees of comparison (6)

A
  1. good - better - best
  2. bad - worse - worst
  3. ill - worse/more ill
  4. old - older/elder - odest/eldest
  5. far - farther/further - farthest/furthest
  6. well-known - better-known - best-known/more well-known - most well-known
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20
Q

degrees of comparison much/many/more/most

A
  • much = singular nouns
  • many = plural nouns
  • questions + negative sentences
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21
Q

degrees of comparison much/many/more/most in affirmative sentences (bevestigende zinnen)

A

a lot of

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22
Q

the most =

A

more than anyone/anything else

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23
Q

degrees of comparison little/less/least/few/fewer/fewest

A
  1. singular nouns = little/less/least
  2. plural nouns = few/fewer/fewest
    Ex: no less than / less and less
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24
Q

laatste - last/latest/the last few

A 
laatste = the last in a series' = last
laatste = period of time up to now = the last few
laatste = most recent = latest
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25
Q

groter dan

A
  • than after comparative; taller than his brother
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26
Q

even groot

A

as+adjective+as= people/things are equal;

as tall as his brother

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27
Q

steeds of hoe langer hoe + vergrotende trap=

A
  1. -er/-est adjectives= adjective +er and adjective +er (colder and colder)
    - increasingly + adjective (increasingly cold)
  2. more/most adjectives= more and more + adjective (more and more difficult)
28
Q

hoe + vergrotende trap … hoe vergrotende trap

A

the + comparative… the comparative (the longer you wait, the harder it gets)

29
Q

adjectives without following noun (5)

A

ill, afraid, asleep, content

+ unemployed if preceeded by a number (on million unemployed)

30
Q

refering to a whole group

A

the + adjective (the rich, the poor, the blind)

31
Q

refering to individual

A

adjective + man, woman, people, person (a blind woman)

32
Q

the before adjective of nationality

A

if ending in -sh/-ch (the English, the French)
=> not if adjective is followed by ‘people’ (French people drink lots of wine)
=> not if a or number is preceeded (a Dutch woman, twenty English men)
=> limited group of inhabitants is mentioned (Frenchmen, many Dutch people)

33
Q

inhabitants of Britain (3)

A
  1. British womam/man/person
  2. a Briton
  3. Brits (informal)
34
Q

refer to whole nation or individuals

A

Swiss + -ese (Chinese, Japanese etc)

or adjective + people (Canadian people)

35
Q

het + overtreffende trap (het beste)

A

adjective + thing (the best thing)

except:
- worst (the worst is yet to come)
- al het mogelijke = everything possible

36
Q

weglaten zelfstandignaamwoord (bij herhaling) (2)

A

= adjective + one (singular countable)/ones (plural countable)
a big car is less than a small one
= adjective (uncountable nouns) Would you like red wine or white?

37
Q

little + singular noun=

A

negative meaning = weinig

38
Q

a little + singular noun

A

positive meaning= een beetje/wat

also instead posible

39
Q

few + plural noun

A

negative meaning = weinig

40
Q

a few + plural noun

A

positive meaning = een paar/enkele

also some possible

41
Q

weinig (formal)

A

little + few without ‘a’

42
Q

weinig (informal)

A

not much/not many

43
Q

adjective wood=

A

wooden

44
Q

adjective wool=

A

woolen

45
Q

adjective gold=

A 
Literally= made of gold (ring made of gold)
figuratively = golden (a golden wedding)
46
Q

difference adverb - adjective

A

Adverb tells something about a verb or an adverb

Adjective tells something about a noun

47
Q

how to make an adverb

A

adjective + -ly or -ally

48
Q

Exceptions (8)

A 
often
never
ever
sometimes
Always
only
perhaps
good => well
49
Q

spelling changes adverb

A
  1. -y => -i (happy - happily)
  2. -ble => -bly (terrible - terribly)
  3. true => truly
  4. whole => wholly
50
Q

adverb = adjective (10)

A
  1. hard
  2. fast
  3. daily/weekly
  4. early
  5. late (let op: lately = recently)
  6. long
  7. free
  8. straight
  9. high
  10. low
51
Q

adverbs with 2 forms (6)

A
  1. cheap / cheaply
  2. loud / loudly
  3. quick / quickly
  4. direct / directly (let op: directly = immediately)
  5. slow / slowly
  6. fair / fairly
52
Q

adjectives with no adverb (6)

A
  1. difficult
  2. friendly
  3. lively
  4. lovely
  5. silly
  6. likely
53
Q

vertaling onmogelijk (2x)

A

(refering to verb) = not possible

(refering to adjective) = impossibly

54
Q

no adverb after (6) but an adjective

A
  1. feel = happy
  2. look = good
  3. seem = easy
  4. taste = delicious
  5. smell = good
  6. sound = good
    = senses
55
Q

adverbs and degrees of comparison (4x)

A

General=

  1. -er / -est = one syllable or early
  2. more / most = more syllables
  3. ending -ly= more / most
  4. often= more / most
56
Q

irregular adverbs degrees of comparison (3)

A

badly - worse - worst
well - better - best
little - less - least

57
Q

no ‘the’ before superlative (4)

A
  1. rapidly
  2. hardest
  3. best
  4. worst
58
Q

positions of adverbs

A

front
end
mid position; immediately before or after the first verb

59
Q

position adverbs of manner (3)

A

(hoedanigheid; hardly, fully, badly)

  1. end position = after predicator (gezegde) or direct object = emphasis
  2. mid position= less emphasis
  3. well + badly + to take seriously = end position
60
Q

position adverbs of degree (3)

A

= to what extent

  1. usually before the word they refer to
  2. end position= completely, entirey, totally
  3. after the verb = considerably
61
Q

position adverbs of frequency

A

= how often

  1. usually mid position
  2. after subject = interrogative sentences (vragende)
  3. after not = negative sentences (ontkennende)
62
Q

position adverbs of indefinite time

A

= when

  1. usually mid position
  2. after subject = interrogative sentences (vragende)
  3. after not = negative sentences (ontkennende)

Exceptions; immediately, still (=neg.), Always + never (imperative sentence= gebiedende wijs)

63
Q

imperative sentence

A

gebiedende wijs

64
Q

position adverbs of probability

A

= indicate how certain st is

  1. mid position;
  2. front position= maybe + perhaps
65
Q

negative contractions

A

samentrekkingen = don’t, cannot, wouldn’t

66
Q

position adverbs of comment

A

= speaker’s opinion = apply to whole sentence

  1. front position
  2. mid position
67
Q

translations of ‘al’ (AN)

A
  1. already = positive surprise = end position emphasis
  2. Yet = was expected has happened? = end position
  3. how long = not translated in RP

Grammar (6 decks)

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