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Geography > P2UB - The Changing Economic World > Flashcards

P2UB - The Changing Economic World Flashcards

1
Q

What is Development?

A

The progress a country has made in terms of economic growth, use of technology, and human welfare

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2
Q

What 4 factors affect development?

A

Environmental, Economic, Social and Political

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3
Q

What are the 2 main ways to mesure development?

A

GNI and HDI

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4
Q

What is GNI?

A

Gross National Income
The total value of goods and services produced by a country, plus extra money earned from, and paid to other countries.

Economic Indicator

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5
Q

What is HDI?

A

Human Development Index
- life expectancy at birth
- Number of years of education
- GNI per head

Social Mesure

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6
Q

What does the demographic transition model show?

A

Changes overtime in the population of a country
- Birth rate
- Death rate
- Overall population

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7
Q

What is the gap between birth rate and death rate called?

A

Natural Change
(increase or decrease)

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8
Q

What do population pyramids show?

A

The structure (age distribution) of a population.

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9
Q

What are the 3 main causes of Uneven development?

A

Physical, historical and Economic causes

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10
Q

What are some Physical causes of un-even development

A
  • Being landlocked - No trade
  • Climate - Pests
  • Extreme weather - Costly
  • Lack of water supply
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11
Q

What are some Economic causes of un-even development

A

-Trade
- - Poverty causes Poverty
- Low prices expected from rich powerfull countries
-

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12
Q

What are some Historical causes of un-even development

A

Colonialism
- struggle after independance
- Political Instability
- Corruption and financial mismanagement

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13
Q

How does uneven Development impact people?

A
  • Disparities in wealth and health
  • International migration
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14
Q

How can the development gap be reduced?

A
  1. Investment
  2. Industrial development and tourism
  3. Aid
  4. Using intermediate technology
  5. Fairtrade
  6. Debt relief
  7. Microfinance loans.
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15
Q

Global importance of Nigeria

A
  • Supplies 2.2 percent of the world’s oil but also diverse economy
  • Major contributor to UN peecekeeping missions
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16
Q

Regional Importance of nigeria

A
  • fast grwoing economy in Africa, Highest GDP and 3rd largest maufacturing sector
  • Largest population of any African country
17
Q

How have Nigeria’s sources of income changed?

A

traditionally - Primary Agricultural products
Then 1950s Oil was discovered
Oil now accounts for 90% of it export earnings

18
Q

Nigerias current industrial structure

A
  • Employment in agriculture declining but 22% of Nigeria’s GDP due to machinery
  • 27% of GDP is from the Industrial sector
  • Rapid growth Of service sector, 50% of countrys GDP
  • growing manufacturing sector
19
Q

Why is Nigeria’s economy developing?

A

Rapid advances in technology
More concern for environment
More english speakers - growth in comms
Investment in STEM trainign
IT is starting to overtake oil
Increased use of telecomms - Global trade

20
Q

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How is manufacturing effecting Nigeria’s economic development?

A
  • increase in regular paid work - secure income
  • Stimulating links between companies
  • Employment increase
  • Foriegn investment
21
Q

What is a TNC?

A

A TransNational Corporation is a lage company that operates in several countries

22
Q

What do TNCs take advantage of in foreign countries?

A
  • Tax incentives
  • Laxer ebvironmental laws
  • Acess to wider market
  • Cheaper labor
23
Q

TNC advantages for Nigeria

A
  • Employment and development of new skills
  • More money spent in the economy
  • Investment
  • Local providers benefit
  • Valuable export revenues
24
Q

TNC disadvantages for Nigeria

A
  • poor pay and work conditions
  • Management jobs often go the foreign employees
  • Much of the profit goes abroad
25
Q

Nigeria’s Political links

A

Till 1960 it was part of the british empire
Current part of commonwealth and leading member of African Political and economic groups as well as international orgs like the UN

26
Q

Nigeria’s Global trading relationships

A

major global trading nation - major exports are crude, refined petroleum
Growing import of telephones- emergin middle class

Geography (9 decks)

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