P2 Section C (Population and the Environment) Flashcards
What was the population 200 years ago
The population 200 years ago was less than 1 billion.
How long did it take for global population to reach 1 billion
It took 2 million years for global population to reach 1 billion
What is the population of Asia
The population of Asia is 4.5 billion.
How much of the population lives in urban areas
83% of the population lives in urban areas
What was the GDP per capita of Niger in 2020
The GDP per capita of Niger in 2020 was $565.06
How much of Niger’s population was below the age of 15 in 2017
Half of Niger’s population were below the age of 15 in 2017
What percentage of Nigeriens live in poverty
80% of Nigeriens live in poverty.
What is the marital age of Niger
The marital age of Niger is 14
What is the population of Niger
The population of Niger is around 25 million
How much debt is Niger in (and how much of its GDP is it worth)
Niger is in $3 billion debt which is 37% of its GDP.
How much of Niger’s population work in agriculture
90% of Niger’s population work in agriculture
What is Niger’s terrain
Niger’s terrain is predominantly desert plains and sand dunes
How many countries landlock Niger
There are 7 countries that landlock Niger
What are 2 potential negative impacts of population growth
2 potential negative impacts of population growth are stress on healthcare system and more food and water insecurity
What are 2 potential positives impacts of population growth
2 potential positive impacts of population growth are increasing taxation for government investments and more people for jobs.
What is commercial farming
Commercial farming is monoculture or raising one livestock type with high investment into land (using machinery and agrochemicals etc) to maximise profits such as Wheelbirks.
What is monoculture
Monoculture is farming of one single crop
What is arable farming
Arable farming is the farming of cereal and root crops on flat land with very fertile soil so there’ll be high crop yield such as Potato farming for Tyrell’s Crisps.
What is pastoral farming
Pastoral farming is livestock rearing to produce meats, cheese, milk and butter such as Nomads in Argentina producing beef
What is mixed farming
Mixed farming is the production of both livestock and arable crops with additional diversification into farm shops and leisure activities such as Bockbushes Farm, Northumberland.
What is subsistence farming
Subsistence farming is production of food to feed the family or community, with any excess sold or bartered - both arable and pastoral farming can be subsistent.
What is intensive farming
Intensive farming is high labour and high yield production farming such as horticulture in Netherlands
What is extensive farming
Okay extensive farming is low labour and low yield production such as hill sheep in Yorkshire Dales
5 factors affecting agriculture
5 factors affecting agriculture are temperature, precipitation, wind/storm frequency, soil quality and altitude
What is the main type of farming
the main type of farming is rice cultivation
How does India do rice cultivation
India does rice cultivation by waiting until monsoon season and let rain transplant rice seeds in flooded fields and it is a form of labour intensive work with oxen and simple tools
Where is rice grown
Rice is grown in terraces cut into slopes of hilly areas but population pressure is causing rice farming to be done where soil is less suitable
How is climate change impacting agriculture (yields, developing, expected, %, than, due)
climate change is impacting agriculture as yields of main cereals in developing countries are expected to be 10% lower in 2050 than they would’ve been without climate change due to higher temperatures, flooding, pests and diseases
Where will climate change most impact on agriculture
climate change will most impact on agriculture in poor tropical countries in South Asia and Africa due to decreased food supplies and higher prices
What is the impact of soil erosion
The impact of soil erosion is that the fertility of the remaning soils is reduced
What causes soil erosion
Soil erosion is caused by removal of vegetation so soil becomes exposed to wind and rain and ploughing land at right-angles to the direction of the slope
What is water logging
Water logging is when all the pore spaces in a plants root zone are saturated due to high water table so plants are starved of oxygen
What is salinisation
Salinisation is when potential evapotranspiration is greater than the precipitation and water containing salts is drawn upwards and the plants can’t tolerate saline conditions so die
What is structural deterioration
Structural deterioration is when the basic structure of soils is damaged by human activity such as compaction from heavy machinery or animals or the over-cultivation of soils by growing the same crop in the same field every year (mono-cropping)
How is degraded soil managed
Degraded soil is managed by crop rotation (allowing soils to replenish nutrients), using hedgerows to reduce wind erosion and mulching (to increase the organic content of the soil)
How does fertiliser improve soil degradation
fertiliser improves soil degradation as it increases nutrient content in the form of nitrogen and potassium or manure
How does afforestation improve soil degradation
afforestation improves soil degradation as it helps stabilise soils with their roots and also leaf litter returns organic matter
What is food security
Food security is when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life
How has the green revolution improved food security (producing, using)
The green revolution has improved food security by producing high crop yields by using irrigation, fertilisers, pesticides and mechanisation
Where has the green revolution been most successful
the green revolution has been most successful in Asia where 9/10ths of all wheat and 2/3rds of all rice is produced using high yield variants