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AQA A-Level Human Geography > P2 Section B (Changing Places) > Flashcards

P2 Section B (Changing Places) Flashcards

1
Q

location

A

location the whereabouts of a place (GPS or coordinates)

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2
Q

locale

A

locale is a location that is known for something - a particular event associated with it (like a home, a festival…)

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3
Q

What is sense of place

A

sense of place is the subjective attachment people have to a place that is developed through experience and knowledge of a place

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4
Q

What is placemaking

A

placemaking is the shaping of an environment to meet the needs for social interaction and to also improve the community

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5
Q

localism

A

localism is the love for a small scale place

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6
Q

regionalism

A

regionalism is loyalty to a distinct region, for example geordies to Newcastle

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7
Q

nationalism

A

nationalism is the loyalty to a nation, like England

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8
Q

What is a clone town

A

a clone town is a town not very different from another with the same shops seen on high streets.

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9
Q

what does homogenised mean (3)

A

homogenised means to make uniform of similar, losing its sense of individuality and creating placelessness.

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10
Q

What is glocalisation

A

glocalisation is adapting a business to make it do well in a country or smaller scale region like “McRice”

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11
Q

what is an Insider Perspective

A

an insider perspective is one who identifies with and has knowledge and comfort in a particular place

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12
Q

Outsider Perspective

A

an outsider perspective is one who is excluded or doesn’t fit into a place eg a female in a males toilet

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13
Q

Agents of change

A

an agent of change is someone who impacts on a place through working, living or improving that place

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14
Q

endogenous factors

A

endogenous factors are the internal characteristics of the place itself including geology, income and employment

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15
Q

exogenous factors

A

exogenous factors is the relationship of one place with other places (external) that connects them like trade, tourism and migration

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16
Q

what is near place

A

a near place is a place that can be close in distance or a place that can feel more familiar such as media experienced places like LA from films

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17
Q

What is a far place

A

a far place is a place that is far away which can feel distant through segregation or lack of knowledge.

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18
Q

what does rebranding do

A

rebranding gives a place a new and positive identity

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19
Q

what is regeneration

A

regeneration is a long term redevelopment often done to prevent economic decline in certain places, such as Blackpool

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20
Q

what is reimaging (use of)

A

reimaging is the use of marketing and promotion to create a new identity

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21
Q

social exclusion

A

social exclusion is a state where people are forced outside of a social system and it’s rights and privileges (happens to people in minority groups)

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22
Q

how does Newcastle show regionalism?

A

Newcastle shows regionalism by the Baltic selling products like mugs with the angel of the north branding and by selling products with local dialect to reinforce identity.

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23
Q

what are effects of globalisation? (manufacturing/goods/employment/industrial)

A

globalisation causes decrease in manufacturing costs (as transport and materials are cheaper), so goods are inexpensive to buy for public, bigger demand for products so employment increases and increases industrial activity and so air pollution.

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24
Q

4 causes of globalisation

A

causes of globalisation include: trade, communication, transportation and labour costs

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25
Q

how was blackpool regenerated

A

blackpool was regenerated by a £300million project in 2000 which redeveloped Houndshill shopping centre, constructed sea defences and added plants, pavings and lights to “St. John’s Square” to encourage people to explore at night and day

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26
Q

negative effects of international migration (service/conflict/gender)

A

negative effects of international migration are pressure on services, conflict between host population and migrants, and gender imbalance since more men migrate for work

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27
Q

diaspora meaning

A

diaspora means a group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who’ve settled elsewhere in the world

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28
Q

an example of a diaspora in england

A

a diaspora in england is jewish community in Gateshead.

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29
Q

why did jews move to gateshead?

A

jews moved to gateshead as it was affordable and there was good religious education

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30
Q

how many houses was the jewish community council of gateshead granted and where were they planned to build?

A

the jewish community council of gateshead were granted building for 26 family homes at a former bus depot (brownfield site).

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31
Q

where is totnes?

A

totnes is east of plymouth on the coast of the english channel

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32
Q

why did totnes protest against costa

A

totnes protested against costa as the people feared dilution of the charm of their independent and colourful high street.

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33
Q

what is the population of totnes

A

the population of totnes is 8500

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34
Q

how many stores does costa have

A

costa has 3,400 stores across 31 countries

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35
Q

how many employees does costa have

A

costa has 18,400 employees

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36
Q

what did tony kershaw say about costa

A

tony kershaw told the guardian costa “produce generic coffee”

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37
Q

what reasons did Frances Northrop give to the guardian on why she doesn’t want costa in Totnes

A

Frances Northrop said she doesn’t want Costa in Totnes because, “we want to keep money circulating locally” and “we support family business that use a local IT company and buy their foods locally”

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37
Q

how is totnes a good example of glocalisation?

A

totnes is a good example of glocalisation as the people all agree to maintain tradition and adapt their high streets to make them unlike any other.

38
Q

example of regeneration in plymouth

A

devon port is an example of regeneration in plymouth.

39
Q

why was devonport regeneration suspended in 2008?

A

in 2008 devonport regeneration was suspended as Redrow shed 40% of its workforce due to economic downturn.

40
Q

how was devonport regeneration started again in 2010?

A

in 2010, devonport regeneration was restarted by a £2.8 million cash injection from the governments kick start programme.

41
Q

when was the devonport regeneration completed?

A

the devonport regeneration was competed in 2017

42
Q

how many people does devonport regeneration house?

A

the devonport regeneration houses 1,100 people

43
Q

by how much did house prices in devonport increase by?

A

house prices in devonport increased by 20%

44
Q

how many people does redrow employ in the UK?

A

redrow employs 2300 people in the UK

45
Q

how much revenue did redrow produce in 2017

A

in 2017, redrow recorded a revenue of £1.66 billion.

46
Q

where is belfast located

A

belfast is located as an eastern region of northern ireland at the coast.

47
Q

what is the good friday agreement

A

the good friday agreement is a peace deal between loyalists and republicans signed in 1998 between 7 irish parties and the UK government.

48
Q

what was the northern ireland assembly

A

the northern ireland assembly was a parliament set up for local issues like agriculture and healthcare

49
Q

what happened to the police force in northern ireland after good friday agreement

A

the police force in northern ireland was reformed after good friday agreement

50
Q

what happened to religion in schools in northern ireland?

A

there was a rise in mixed faiths school across northern ireland

51
Q

by how much did hotel rooms rise in 1999 in Northern Ireland

A

hotel rooms rose by around 5000 in 1999, northern ireland.

52
Q

by how much did trips from non-northern irish residents increase by in 2013-2019 (percentage).

A

trips from non-northern Irish residents increase by 36% in 2013-2019

53
Q

how much did annual tourist spend increase in northern ireland and why?

A

annual tourist spend increased by £207 million in northern ireland as trips were for more time.

54
Q

what is Citi (Belfast)

A

Citi is a financial support business that invested into belfast

55
Q

how many employees did citi first have in 2004 and how many does it now have

A

in 2004 citi had 350 employees now it has 2900.

56
Q

where is detroit located

A

detroit is located in south eastern michigan on the detroit river

57
Q

what was the steel belt

A

the steel belt was an area of the US where waterways, railways and roads connected iron ore mines with the coal resources in the Appalachian mountains

58
Q

how did Henry Ford cause increasing economy in detroit

A

Henry Ford caused increase in economy in detroit as he discovered that a moving assembly line using interchangeable parts could reduce the cost of making motor cars

59
Q

how did Henry Ford transform the US industry

A

Henry Ford transformed the US industry by making it the first car owning democracy

60
Q

how did Henry Ford keep his workforce

A

Henry Ford kept his workforce by doubling there wages to $5 dollars a day as they were producing a lot, in unpleasant conditions.

61
Q

from what years did detroit’s economy boom and what was its name

A

detroit’s economy boomed from 1910-1950 and it was named Motor City.

62
Q

how did population grow in detroit

A

the population of detroit grew as african americans migrated from southern states in an event called the great migration, as they were experiencing racism from the white supremacist group KKK.

63
Q

how did detroit as a city decline

A

detroit declined as japanese automobile companies like toyota became more efficient and used less fuel - which is good because oil prices were high in america in the 70s

64
Q

in 1950 what was the population of detroit and how many were manufacturers?

A

in 1950, the population of detroit was 1.8 million - 1/10th of which worked in manufacturing

65
Q

what is the current population of detroit and how many manufacturers?

A

the current population of detroit is around 714,000 with 1/50th in the manufacturing industry

66
Q

when did detroit file for bankruptcy and how much were they in debt

A

detroit filed for bankruptcy in 2013, as they were in debt of around $20 billion

67
Q

what is the national average of unemployment and what was detroit’s metro area

A

national average unemployment is 6.2%, whereas detroit’s metro area was 9.8% unemployment rate

68
Q

what is Detroit’s poverty level (%) and what is national average

A

detroit’s poverty level in 2013 was around 38% whereas national average is 16.3%

69
Q

How is newcastle helix project connecting with the city (social advantage)

A

The newcastle helix project is connecting with the city by using social media like twitter to update residents on progress and what to do in the area

70
Q

What is the newcastle helix project

A

The Newcastle helix project is a £600 million hybrid city for tech and science companies and residents and the local community.

71
Q

What age is the majority of Newcastle’s population and how many

A

The majority of Newcastle’s population is between 20-24 year olds and there is 41,000 of them

72
Q

What is Newcastles working age population percentage and number

A

Newcastles working age population is 142,000 which is around 50%

73
Q

What is the population of Newcastles 15-24 year old projected to be by 2039

A

Newcastles population of 15-24 year olds is projected to be 64,600 by 2039

74
Q

What opportunities does high population of young adults bring to Newcastle

A

A high population of young adults brings brain flow into the city, higher taxation rates and filled job vacancies

75
Q

What challenge does a high population of young adults bring to Newcastle

A

A challenge that high population of young adults brings to Newcastle age is overpopulation

76
Q

What is a negative for Newcastle helix project - Dunston

A

A negative of Newcastle helix project is that the brewery will be moved 2 miles away to a site in Dunston which has been purchased for £7.2 million - which will result in the loss of 100 jobs and sense of history in Newcastle

77
Q

What did director at Scottish Courage say about the closure of the 121 year old brewery? “This is…” “It is more about….”

A

Director at Scottish Courage said “this is sad news for Newcastle” and “it is more about securing our commitment to the Tyneside and North East in general” about the closure of the 121 year old brewery

78
Q

What is studentification

A

Studentification is the social, economic and environmental changes due to large numbers of students living in a particular area of a town or city

79
Q

Two environmental impacts of studentification

A

Two environmental impacts of studentification are increased on-street parking and increased squalor (poor conditions)

80
Q

Two economic impacts of studentification

A

Two economic impacts of studentification are house price inflation and seasonal employment in shops and pubs

81
Q

Two social impacts of studentification

A

Two social impacts of studentification are displacement of established residents and increased crime rate

82
Q

What is a positive of studentification according to Newcastle University- money and jobs

A

A positive of studentification according to Newcastle University is that it boosts the local economy by £115 million per year and supports 4000 jobs

83
Q

Qualitative source of the Ouseburn and its symbolism

A

A qualitative source of the Ouseburn is a poem called ‘Ouseburn’ which says: “here’s a biscuit factory packed with brand new art”. It symbolises the transformation of the area into a creative hub.

84
Q

How much does tourism in belfast contribute to local economy annuallly

A

tourism in belfast contributes £450 million to local economy annuallly

85
Q

What is the titanic quarter in belfast

A

The titanic quarter in belfast is a development project built on a brownfield site consisting of apartments, college campus, hotels, business quarter and a museum

86
Q

How many jobs has titanic quarter in Belfast created

A

titanic quarter in Belfast has created 6,000 jobs

87
Q

When did the titanic quarter open

A

The titanic quarter opened in 2012

88
Q

How many visitors have there been in titanic quarter since 2012

A

There have been over 3 million visitors in titanic quarter since 2012

89
Q

From 2012-2015 how much did the titanic quarter museum generate in additional tourist spending

A

From 2012-2015 the titanic quarter museum generated £105 million in additional tourist spending

90
Q

When is the titanic quarter regeneration expected to be completed

A

the titanic quarter regeneration is expected to be completed in 2034

91
Q

What is the IMPROVE DETROIT scheme

A

The IMPROVE DETROIT scheme is a mobile app designed to allow the public to report quality of life issues to the city hall such as potholes

92
Q

What is detroits biggest employment industry now

A

detroits biggest employment industry now is healthcare

AQA A-Level Human Geography (6 decks)

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