P2 Fall Exam 1: GI Flashcards
allopurinol: brand
Zyloprim
allopurinol: class
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor; Antigout
allopurinol: FDA indication
Gout; Hyperuricemia, tumor lysis syndrome
allopurinol: less common (1-10%) adverse effects
rash, maculopapular eruption, acute attacks of gout with initiation
allopurinol: AE, rare but serious (<1%)
agranulocytosis
aplastic anemia
hepatitis
hepatotoxicity
immune hypersensitivity reaction
Renal failure
Steven-Johnson
thrombocytopenia
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
allopurinol: efficacy
resolution of gout (pain, stiffness), serum uric acid conc. measured >48 h of therapy
allopurinol: toxicity
LFTs, renal function, CBC
allopurinol: patient counsel
take after meals
hydrate - to prevent kidney stones
avoid alcohol & caffeine
seek medical attention if, myelosuppression, agranulocytosis, or Steven-Johnson syndrome occur
dicyclomine: brand
Bentyl
dicyclomine: class
antimuscarinic
dicyclomine: FDA indication
irritable bowel syndrome
dicyclomine: common AE (>10%)
decreased sweating, xerostomia, blurred vision, dizziness, GI distress - constipation, drowsiness
dicyclomine: less common AE (1-10%)
tachycardia, urinary retention
dicyclomine: rare but serious AE (<1%)
Psychosis, euphoria, anaphylaxis, drug dependence
dicyclomine: efficacy
improved bowel function, decreased flatulence, diarrhea
dicyclomine: toxicity
Rapid HR, severe dizziness, unusual thoughts, shortness of breath, or severe rash
dicyclomine: patient counsel
-drowsiness / avoid driving/operating equipment
-heat prostration (due to decreased sweating) in hot environment
metoclompramide: brand
Reglan
metoclopramide: class
dopamine antagonist
metoclopramide: FDA indications
diabetics gastroparesis, GERD
metoclopramide: common AE (>10%)
Asthenia, somnolence
metoclopramide: less common AE (1-10%)
Dizziness, Headache, Visual distrubances
metoclopramide: rare but serious (<1%)
Malignant hypertension, Arrhythmias, Galactorrhea, Amenorrhea, Gynecomastia, Impotence secondary to hyperprolactinemia, agranulocytosis, dystonia, Extrapyramidal reactions, Tardive dyskinesia, Hallucinations
metoclopramide: efficacy
reduction in nausea and vomiting
metoclopramide: toxicity
seek medical attention if, elevated BP, heart palpitation, fluid retention, unusual bruising or bleeding, or involuntary jerking movements
metoclopramide: patient counseling
-EMPTY STOMACH, 30 min before meal + bedtime
-not for long-term use
-oral dispersible tablet: dry hands, tab in mouth, should melt quickly, after melted, swallow/take drink
ondansetron: brand
Zofran
ondansetron: class
antimetic
ondansetron: FDA indication
Chemotherapy-induced NV, Prevention of post-op NV, Radiation-induced NV
ondansetron: common AE (>10%)
Constipation, Diarrhea, Headache
ondansetron: less common (1-10%)
Xerostomia, Increased LFTs, Dizziness, Fever
ondansetron: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)
Arrhythmias, Anaphylaxis, Serotonin syndrome
ondansetron: toxicity
Heart palpitations, Shortness of breath, Severe rash
Ondansetron: patient counseling
Dry hands before handling disintegrating tablet.
Do not open the blister pack until ready to take.
Do not push the OD tab through the foil.
Place tab in mouth, allow to melt, swallow, drink water.
promethazine: brand
Phenergan
promethazine: class
Phenothiazine Antihistamine
promethazine: FDA indication
Motion sickness, Allergy, NV
promethazine: Common AE (>10%)
Somnolence, Xerostomia
promethazine: Less common AE (1-10%)
Constipation, Nausea
Promethazine: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)
Respiratory depression, Hypotensionm Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Agranulocytosis, Extrapyramidal symptoms, Seizures, Photosensitivity
promethazine: toxicity
Mental status, Vital signs
promethazine: Patient counsel
Drowsiness + avoid driving and alcohol
esomeprazole: brand
Nexium
esomeprazole: Common AE (>10%)
Headache
esomeprazole: Less common AE (1-10%)
Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Nausea, Flatulence
esomeprazole: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)
Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Pancreatitis, Hepatotoxicity, Bone fracture, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute interstitial nephritis
esomeprazole: toxicity
severe headache or blistering skin rash
esomeprazole: patient counsel
take 1 h before meal
omeprazole: Less common AE (1-10%)
Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Headache
omeprazole: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)
Toxic epidermal nexrolysis, Clostridium difficile diarrhea, Pancreatitis, Hepatoxicity, Hip fracture, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute interstitial nephritis
omeprazole: toxicity
severe headache or blistering skin rash. Seek medical attention for signs of liver failure, elevated LFTs.
omeprazole: patient counsel
take 1 hour before meals
pantoprazole: brand
Protonix
pantoprazole: Less common AE (1-10%)
Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Flatulence, Headache
Pantoprazole: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)
Toxic epidermla necrolysis, Steven-Johnson, Thrombocytopenia, Hip fracture, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute interstitial nephritis, cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus
pantoprazole: toxicity
BMD, serum Mg
pantoprazole: Patient counsel
Take w/ or w/o food, but best if taken before meals to reduce acid production.
Seek medical care: severe headache or blistering skin rash
Famotidine: toxicity
Severe blistering skin rash
famotidine: patient counsel
Take at bedtime.
May take w/ food or antacids, if needed.
shake suspension well before use
lansoprazole: Less common AE (1-10%)
Diarrhea, Headache
lansoprazole: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)
Steven-Johnson, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute interstitial nephritis, Clostridium difficile diarrhea, Hypomagnesemia
lansoprazole: toxicity
seek medical attention if severe headache or blistering skin rash occurs.
CBC, LFTS, SCr, serum Mg
lansoprazole: patient counsel
Take on an empty stomach 1 h before meals
Separate admin from other antacids
Caps may be sprinkled on 1 Tbls. of applesauce.
More effective if taken regularly than prn
