P12

Question 1

What can waves be used for?

Answer 1

To transfer energy and information

Question 2

How do transverse waves oscillate?

Answer 2

Perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer of the waves

Question 3

Name 2 examples of transverse waves?

Answer 3

Ripples of a surface of water and all electromagnetic waves

Question 4

How do longitudinal waves oscillate?

Answer 4

Parallel to the direction of energy transfer of the waves,

Question 5

Name an example of longitudinal waves?

Answer 5

Sound waves in the air

Question 6

What do mechanical waves need?

Answer 6

A medium( substance) to travel through

Question 7

Are mechanical waves transverse of longitudinal?

Answer 7

Both

Question 8

What do electromagnetic waves not need?

Answer 8

A medium

Question 9

What is the amplitude of a wave?

Answer 9

It’s peak to mid point

Question 10

What is a wavelength?

Answer 10

The distance from a point of the wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave

Question 11

What is the bottom of a wave called?

Answer 11

Trough

Question 12

What does the bigger the amplitude of a wave show?

Answer 12

The more energy the wave carry

Question 13

What is the wave speed equation with units?

Answer 13

Wave speed( m/s) = frequency( hertz,Hz) X wavelength(m)

Question 14

What is a waves frequency?

Answer 14

The number of waves passing a point per second

Question 15

What is the speed equation?

Answer 15

Speed= distance divided by time

Question 16

In reflection and refraction practical, what do you use to create a beam of light?

Answer 16

A ray box, lens and slit

Question 17

What are the steps for reflection and refraction practical?

Answer 17

1- Draw a straight line down the middle of a bit of paper
2- Use a protractor to draw a line at right angles, this is the normal
3- Place a glass block against the first line so the normal is near the centre of the block
4- Draw around the glass block
5- Turn of all lights in the room
6- Use the ray box to direct a ray of light so it hits the block at the normal
7- This is the incident ray
8- The angle between the incident ray and the normal is the angle of incidence
9- Mark the path of the reflected ray aswell as the transmitted ray
10- Turn on the lights, remove the ray box and remove glass block
11- Draw in incident, reflected and transmitted ray
12- Draw a line of the path through the glass block from incident to transmitted
13- Use a protractor to measure angle of incidence and angle of reflection
14- Then the angle of refraction
15- Repeat but use different materials instead of glass

Question 18

What are sound waves?

Answer 18

Vibrations that travel through a medium

Question 19

What can’t sound waves travel through?

Answer 19

A vacuum eg outer space

Question 20

State 3 examples of how you could investigate waves?

Answer 20

A ripple tank
A stretched string
A signal generator

Question 21

When does the pitch of a note increase?

Answer 21

If the frequency of the sound waves increase

Question 22

When does the loudness of a note increase?

Answer 22

If the amplitude of the sound waves increases

Question 23

What do sound waves cause the ear drum to do?

Answer 23

Vibrate, this sends signals to the brain

Question 24

What are ultrasound waves?

Answer 24

Sound waves of a frequency above 20kHz

Question 25

Where are ultrasound waves partly reflected?

Answer 25

At a boundary between 2 different types of body tissue

Question 26

How are ultrasound waves used to calculate distance?

Answer 26

When they are reflected at doundaries they are timed, and the timings are used to calculate distance

Question 27

Why is an ultrasound scan safer than an x-ray?

Answer 27

As it is non-ionising

Question 28

What is the depth of the boundary below the surface equation with units?

Answer 28

Depth of the boundary below surface(m) = 0.5 X speed of ultrasound waves(m/s) X time taken(s)

Question 29

What are seismic waves?

Answer 29

Waves that travel through the earth

Question 30

Where are seismic waves produced?

Answer 30

In an earthquake and spread out from the epicentre

Question 31

Are primary seismic waves longitudinal or transverse waves?

Answer 31

Longitudinal

Question 32

Are secondary seismic waves longitudinal or transverse waves?

Answer 32

Transverse

Question 33

What are the layers of the earth?

Answer 33

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Question 34

What are primary waves?

Answer 34

Waves that push or pull on material as they move through the earth

Question 35

What are secondary waves?

Answer 35

Waves that shake the material that they pass through inside the earth from side to side