P1: Weather Hazards Flashcards
Golden Rule about precipation
Hot air rises, cold air sinks
Golden Rule about Wind
Air will always move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
What is the weather
Weather is the day to day changes in our atmospheer. This includes things like temperature, pressure, wind, cloudcover and precipitation.
What is the climate
Climate is the average of weather measured over 30 years. Climate is what is expected to happen.
What is insolation
Insolation is the solar radiation received by the earth at its atmosphere.
How does latitude affect temperature
Latitude affects temperature because the closer you are to the equator the hotter it would be at 40 degrees north and south it would get colder due to the insolation decreasing.
Why does the air sinks at poles and rise at the equator
It sinks at poles becuas the air is cold and more dense where as the equator it is warm and less dense so it rises.
What are the pressure belts and how do they affect surface winds
High pressure at 30degrees
low pressure at 60 and 0 degrees
How does the coriolis effect distor the winds on the ground
deflected the right in the northern hemisphere
deflected the left in the southern hemisphere
Describe the climate of the equatorial zone
27 - 29 Degrees celcius
lots of rain
Hot, wet
convectional rainfall
Typhoon Haiyan CS - When,where,what
4:40 am - Friday 8th november 2013
Hit tacloban city
Category 5
Typhoon Haiyan CS - Primary effects
3 weeks no power
6300 + died
14.1 million people affected
4.8 million already lived in poverty
$12 billion of overall damage
1.1 million houses damaged
600,000 hectares of agricultural land affected
Typhoon Haiyan CS - Seconday effects
4.1 million made homeless
800,000 litters of oil leaks contaminating 10 hectacres of mangoes.
Lots of looting of shops for food.
8 died in stampede for rice
Schools and hospitals destroyed
Typhoon Haiyan CS - Immediate responses
president televised warning
authorities evacuated 800,000 people
refuge in Tacloban stadium
government gave mediacl aid.
curfew imposed to reduce looting
$8.871 million given in from 33 countries
Typhoon Haiyan CS - Long term responses
rebuilding of homes
OXFAM replaced all fishing boats
A lot of cyclone shelters were built
A lot of homes were built away from flood rich areas
Locals were paid to clear debris in a “ cash for work” scheme
Reducing effects - Monitoring
Satellites - monitors can detect cloud patterns associated with tropical storms.
Aircrafts - planes are sent out to find the air pressure, rainfall, wind speed data about the weather
Reducing effects - Prediction
Supercomputers can now give a five day warning and an accurate location within 400km.
In 2013 cyclone Phalin was correctly predicted and 1.2 million people were evacuated.
Reducing effects - Protection
The US Federal emergency management agency has told citizens to tie down air bourne objects, remove trees close to houses, and install storm shutters.
Reducing effects - Planning
American national hurricane preparedness week in may aims to encourage peoplt ot plan what they need to have and do in the event of a tropical storm.
- supply kits, medical kits
- fuel in vehicles to drive away,
- knowing locations of official evacuation centres
- storing loose objects
- planning in general
How might climate change alter conditions for tropical storms
as temp increases, sea levels will rise due to thermal expansion. Therefore storm surges are expected to be higher.
A warm atmosphere = more moisture in the air. Heavy rainfall is expected to increase. More destructive flooding.
What is extreme weather
Extreme weather is weather which is significantly different from the usual or expected weather pattern for a place. For example, particularly unseasonal weather or when weather events are especially severe.
Examples of extreme weather
Heatwaves, Fog,Droughts, Torrential rainfall, Ice storms, sandstorms, lightening.
When, What, Where was the beast from the east
22nd feb 2018
low temps, very heavy snowfall
The peak of the storm was 2nd march and stopped on 4th march.
84miles/hour winds.
Causes of the Beast from the East
An unusual shift in winds was brought in from SIberia. usually there would be prevailing winds from South America and Mexico from the north atlantic ocean.
Impacts of the Beast from the East
10 people died. Trains and flights were canceled. 1000s of homes without power.
8260 road collisions. Insurance costs over £10 mil.
112 km winds. 15-20 cm snowfall in Cornwall and 40cm higher waves.
