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GCSE AQA GEOGRAPHY > P1: Hot Deserts > Flashcards

P1: Hot Deserts Flashcards

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1
Q

Semi Arid

A

area with 250 to 500 milimeters of rainfall per year.

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2
Q

Arid

A

area with less than 250 milimeter of rainfall per year

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3
Q

climate

A

Hot in the day, Cold in the evening due to cloudless skies. Not much rain at all.

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4
Q

Soils

A

Very sandy and rocky, Found one meter deep. Extremely fertile- important nutrients. Lots of Crude Oil.

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5
Q

Nutrient Cycle

A

Soil is the main store, Slow rate of transfer except biomass to litter

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6
Q

Location of Western Desert

A

North America, Western USA , covers 200,000 sq km. California Nevada Arizona and New Mexico.

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7
Q

Xerophyt

A

A species of plant that has adaptations to survive in and environment with little liquid water

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8
Q

Spines

A

Instead of leaves, cacti have these with reduce water loss from transpiration as well as protection the cacti from predators

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9
Q

Sparse Vegetation

A

Vegetation is spread out due to limited rainfall

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10
Q

Succulent Plant

A

have thick fleshy leaves or stems adapted to heat

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11
Q

Environmental Challenges for plants

A

High Temp- plants transpire a lot more
Low Rainfall- all rain very usefull for them
thick waxy cuticle and shedding of leaves to reduce transpiration
Bulk of biomass underground which is cooler

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12
Q

Saguaro Cactus

A

Can hold upto 8000 litres of water
Arms grow after 75 years
Spikes instead of leaves reduce moisture loss and stop animals from eating plant
thick waxy skin reflects suns heat

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13
Q

Prickly Pear Cactus

A

Yellow Flowers
Fleshy Stems Store water
Thick waxy skin reflects some of suns heat

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14
Q

Joshua Tree

A

Rigid leaves covered by waxy surface
hoarding water for long periods
produce seeds quickly during rainfall periods
fire resistant

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15
Q

Lizard

A

Lies facing towards the sun to warm up and looks away form the suns to cool down
shift their colour to regulate body temperature
Looks for food in morning and evening as these times are coolest
Burrows or underground hole to keep cool

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16
Q

Red Tail Hawks

A

wing span of 4 feet gives them strength
learnt to build nests high in the air
great eyesight, spot prey from great distances

17
Q

Kangaroo Rat

A

Large back feet to leep 9 feet
Small front feet to handle food
Long tail for balance
Big claws to dig holes
Fur great for maintaining heat
Concentrated urine to maintain water

18
Q

WD Tourism

A

Las Vegas - 30 m tourists
20% of GDP
Hoover Dam -7m tourists
Native indian huts
Joshua Tree national park
Hollywood movies film here

19
Q

Energy

A

Solar Panals - Sonoran solar project 100,000 homes
Wind - San Gorginio Wind Farm
Hydroelectric - Lake Mead Hoover Dam 1.3 M People
Oil - 25 oil farms In WD 50M dollars per year

20
Q

Agriculture

A

Lots of sun minerals warmth space
40% of the economy
98% of dates in USA made here

21
Q

Minerals

A

Gold,Galluium, Manganese
Builds economy with very expensive minerals like gold

22
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

the maximum population of a species that can be sustained. Low in deserts, becuase low rain and less rivers.

23
Q

population increase

A

population rapidly increasing, three states in top ten annual population increase.
So many people living of the water of one river
need a great increase in rivers

24
Q

accessability

A

western desert only has two interstate roads compare
in a space where the uk has 40 airports the wester desert has 7

25
Q

positives of development

A

lake mead and lake powell give electricity to 2M homes
1.4 M acres of irrigated land
Lakes used for flood control

26
Q

Negatives of Development

A

the hoover dam was built at the cost of 112 lives and 50 million dollards.
Glen Canyon close to historic sites
Colorado River ecosystem has changed in last 50 years

27
Q

Desertification

A

the process by which fertile land becomes increasingly arid due to natural processes or human activities

28
Q

eccentricity

A

The shape of the earths orbit in a 100,000 year cycle

29
Q

Obliquity

A

the tilt of the earth axis in a 41,000 year cycle

30
Q

Precession

A

the wobble as the earth spins in a 23000 year cycle

31
Q

Sahel, Precipitation

A

the amount of rain below average, big loads of rain will wash away soil with nutrients

32
Q

Sahel , Population

A

Rural population x3 since 1961
Urban popilation x6 since 1961
the more people more resources needed

33
Q

Sahel, Harvested Area

A

harvested are has increased rapidly as the abundant population has meant more and more people need food

34
Q

causes of desertification

A

Population increase leads to increased demand for animals for food leads to increased pastoral faming leads to Overgrazing leads to vegetation eaten and trampled.
Population increase leads to increased demand for wood for fuel leads to deforestation
Population Increase leads to increased demand for crops for food leads to overcultivation leads to over - irrigation and over use of aquifers leads to salinisation
All of these above lead to Vegetation removed or unable to grow leads lack of protecion for soil causing erosion leads the coarse nutrient deficient subsoil is exposed leads to desertification

35
Q

The Great Green Wall

A

8,000 Km long forest
15% complete after 1/2 of alocated time
Will prevent migration, stop refugee camps
created 335,000 jobs
people chop new trees, impossible to police

36
Q

Zai Farming

A

small pits are dug which keep water, grain and fertiliser planted in each hole
fertiliser attracts termites which breaks up soil

37
Q

Diguettes

A

rocks used to prevent soil erosion and reduce rainwater flow
helps increase water in area

38
Q

contour ploughing

A

plough lines are traced across slope contrours
allows rainwater to be kept as moisture in plants

39
Q

providing equipment

A

different charities such as oxfam , farm africa and self help send aid.

GCSE AQA GEOGRAPHY (26 decks)

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