P1: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Define Heart Rate
Heart Rate - The amount of times the heart beats per minute (BPM)
Define Stroke Volume
Stroke Volume - The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat
Define Cardiac Output
Cardiac Output - The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per minute
What is the Right Atrium’s function?
Right Atrium - Upper chamber that receives De-Oxygentated blood
What is the Right Ventricle’s function?
Right Ventricle - Lower chamber containing De-Oxygenated blood
What is the Left Atrium’s function?
Left Atrium - Upper chamber that receives Oygenated blood
What is the Left Ventricle’s function?
Left Ventricle - Lower chamber containing Oxygenated blood
What is the Pulmonary Artery’s function?
Pulmonary Artery - Carries De-Oxygenated blood from the Heart to the Lungs
What is the Pulmonary Vein’s function?
Pulmonary Vein - Returns Oxygenated blood from the Lungs back to the Heart
What is the Vena Cava’s function?
Vena Cava - Returns De-Oxygenated blood to the Heart from the Body
What is the Aorta’s function?
Aorta - Pumps Oxygenated blood from the Heart to the Body
What is the Tricuspid Valve’s function?
Tricuspid Valve - Prevents back flow of blood from the Right Ventricle into the Right Atrium
What is the Bicuspid Valve’s function?
Bicuspid Valve - Prevents back flow of blood from your left ventricle into the Left Atrium
What are the Semi-Lunar Valves’ function?
Semi-Lunar Valve - Prevents pumped blood from back flowing into heart
What is the Septum’s function?
Septum
- A wall that divides the left and right sides of the heart.
- Stops De-Oxygenated and Oxygenated blood from mixing
What is the path of blood around the body and heart?
Vena Cava
-> Right Atrium
-> Tricuspid Valve
-> Right Ventricle
-> Semi-Lunar Valve
-> Pulmonary Artery
—-> LUNGS (Oxygenates)
-> Pulmonary Vein
-> Left Atrium
-> Bicuspid Valve
-> Left Ventricle
-> Semi-Lunar Valve
-> Aorta
—-> BODY (De-Oxygenates)
——> Venca Cava
What is the function of the Veins?
Veins - Takes blood Back to the Heart (Carries De-Oxygenated blood)
What is the structure of Veins?
Structure of Veins
- Valves (Stops back flow of blood)
- Large lumens
- Has no pulse so blood travels smoothly
- Thin walls
What is so special about the Pulmonary Artery?
The Pulmonary Artery is the only artery to carry De-Oxygenated blood
What is so special about the Pulmonary Vein?
The Pulmonary Vein is the only vein to carry Oxygenated blood
?What are the three types of Blood Vessels?
Blood Vessels
- Veins
- Arteries
- Capillaries
What is the function of Arteries?
Arteries - Take blood Away from the Heart (Carries Oxygenated blood)
What is the structure of Arteries?
Structure of Arteries
- No valves
- Small lumens
- Has a pulse/Blood travels in spurts
- Thick + Elastic walls
What is the function of Capillaries?
Capillaries - Carries blood to and from the body’s cells
What is the structure of Capillaries?
Capillaries
- Small blood vessels
- One cell thick
- Allow gaseous change
What is Capillarisation?
Capillarisation - The number of Capillaries increase with the amount of exercise
Which blood vessel has Large Lumens?
Veins have Large Lumens
Which blood vessel has Small Lumens?
Arteries have Small Lumens
Which blood vessel has Thick and Elastic Walls?
Arteries have Thick and Elastic Walls
Which blood vessel has Thin Walls?
Veins have Thin walls
Which blood vessel is one cell thick?
Capillaries are one cell thick
Which blood vessel takes blood Back to the Heart?
Veins take blood Back to the Heart
Which blood vessel takes blood Away from the Heart?
Arteries take blood Away from the Heart
Which blood vessel has Valves?
Veins have Valves
Which blood vessel does not have Valves?
Arteries do not have Valves
Which blood vessel has a pulse?
Arteries have a pulse
Which blood vessel does not have a pulse?
Veins have no pulse
How does blood travel in terms of blood vessels?
Blood travels from an Artery -> Arteriole -> Capillary -> Venule -> Vein
Which Pulmonary blood vessel carries blood at a low pressure?
The Pulmonary Vein carries blood at a Low Pressure
Which Pulmonary blood vessel carries blood at a high pressure?
The Pulmonary Artery carries blood at a High Pressure
What is the Double Circulatory System?
The Double Circulatory System is the two different circuits that the Heart consists of
What are the two circuits in the Double Circulatory System?
The two circuits in the Double Circulatory System is the Pulmonary Circuit and the Systemic Circuit
What is the Pulmonary Circuit in the Double Circulatory System?
The Pulmonary Circuit is the path of blood when it travels from the Heart and Lungs
What is the Systemic Circuit in the Double Circulatory System?
The Systemic Circuit is the path of blood when it travels from the Heart to the Body
What is the role of Blood Cells?
Blood Cells
- Transport O2 to working muscles
- Transport CO2 to the Lungs
- Allow efficient gaseous exchange at the muscles, lungs, and alveoli
What is the Vascular Shunt Mechanism?
Vascular Shunt Mechanism - How greater amounts of blood can be directed to muscles during exercise ( Prioritises muscles when working)
What is Vasodilation?
Vasodilation
- When Capillaries and Arteries dilate (expand) to allow greater blood flow.
- This happens when a person is Hot
What is Vasoconstriction?
Vasoconstriction
- When Capillaries and Arteries constrict to allow less movement of blood to muscles
- (Prioritises organs when working)
- Happens when a person is Cold
Give a sporting example of when the Vascular Shunt Mechanism is used
- There will be an increased blood supply to the quadriceps during a game of football
- There will be a decreased blood supply to the digestive system (liver/kidney/intestines) during a game of football
What are the two components of the Vascular Shunt Mechanism?
The two components of the Vascular Shunt Mechanism is Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction
