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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > P1: INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY > Flashcards

P1: INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Believed to be true organisms

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

● Widely distributed in nature
● Break down dead or decaying matter; saprophytic

A

SAPROPHYTES

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2
Q

Organisms that would acquire oxygen but
some can survive without

A

Facultative anaerobic/strictly aerobic

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2
Q

Able to survive with different types of
chemicals; and absorbs things within the
environment

A

Chemotrophic

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2
Q

May look like plants, but are
nonphotosynthetic

A

achlorophyllos

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2
Q

ph of acidic environment

A

pH 5-6

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3
Q

These molds are necessary to achieve the
palatable texture in cheese

A

Mycelia

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4
Q

bacterias found in food

A

Penicillium
Saccharomyces

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4
Q

is needed for the growth of bread

A

Yeast

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5
Q

is a member under Penicillium
chrysogenum

A

Pencillium notatum

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5
Q

an antidepressant

A

Cyclosporin

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5
Q

The best source of Penicillin

A

Penicillium rubens

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6
Q

example of cyclosporin

A

Tolypocladium inflatum

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7
Q

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FUNGI

A

PHYTOPATHOGEN
Mycoses

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8
Q

Most common fungal infection

A

Ringworm infection

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8
Q

fungal infection in Fingernails/toenails

A

Onychomycosis

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9
Q

MORPHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

A

● Yeast (unicellular)
● Mold (Multicellular)
● Dimorphic

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9
Q

fungal infection in Oral Thrush

A

Candidiasis

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10
Q

type of yeast that exists in a single form or
morphology

A

MONOMORPHIC YEAST

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11
Q

Unicellular fungi

A

YEAST

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12
Q

Mycelia is divided based on where they are found

A

Vegetative/Thallus
Reproductive/Aerial

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12
Q

examples of monomorphic yeast

A

Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Geotrichum candidum

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13
Q

Location: Underground in the substrate
Function: Responsible for nutrient absorption, supporting fungal growth.

A

Vegetative/Thallus

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14
Q

Location: Aboveground, developing from the vegetative mycelium.
Function: Specialized for reproduction, forming structures like mushrooms, sporangia, and producing spores for dispersal.

A

Reproductive/Aerial

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15
Q

Structure: Thread-like, tubular structures forming
the body of the fungus.
Function: Constitutes the mycelium; involved in
nutrient absorption and fungal growth.

A

Hyphae/filaments

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16
Q

Structure: Small, asexual reproductive structures.
Function: Serve as a means of asexual reproduction, capable of germinating into new fungal colonies.

A

Conidia

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17
Q

These organisms are considered TRUE MOLDS; maintain a consistent appearance regardless of their surroundings.

A

MONOMORPHIC MOLDS

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18
Q

examples of monomorphic molds

A

Microsporum
Epidermophyton
Trichophyton

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19
Q

Group of fungal elements that are able to express
themselves as yeast or molds depending on the
temperature on where they are cultured

A

DIMORPHIC FUNGI

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19
Q

the most common form of fungal
organism in our body

A

YEAST FORM

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19
Q

Able to cause fatal and deadly infections;
common in dusty areas

A

Thermal dimorphism

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20
Q

mold form temp

A

25-30

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21
Q

yeast form temp

A

35-37

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22
Q

Very common opportunistic fungi in patients
with HIV

A

Penicillium marneffei

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22
Q

Structure: Consists of distinct cells separated by
septa (cross-walls)
Function: Septa regulate the flow of cytoplasm and
nutrients between cells, contributing to
the organization of the hypha.

A

SEPTATE HYPHAE

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23
Q

Dark and pigmented hyphae

A

Dematiaceous hyphae

23
Q

Structure: Lacks septa, forming a continuous,
multinucleate structure.
Function: Cytoplasm and nuclei can move freely
throughout the hypha, allowing for rapid
nutrient transport and growth.

A

COENOCYTIC HYPHAE

23
Q

Non-pigmented hyphae

A

Hyaline hyphae

24
Q

HYPHAL SHAPES

A

Spiral hyphae
Antler Hyphae
Pectinate Body
Nodular Organ
Racquet Hyphae

25
Q

hyphae that is sparsely septated

A

COENOCYTIC

25
Q

hyphae that is dark and pigmented septate hyphae

A

DEMATIACEOUS FUNGI

25
Q

hyphae that is Septate, non-pigmented hyphae

A

HYALINE MOLDS

25
Q

● Structure
○ Polysaccharide
● Functions
○ Antiphagocytic factor

26
Q

Provides shape, rigidity and strength, protection
from osmotic shock and mediates attachment of the
organism to the host cell

26
Q

Protects cytoplasm, regulates intake and secretion
of solute, facilitate capsule and cell wall synthesis

A

CELLULAR MEMBRANE

26
Q

Main sterol found in humans

A

Cholesterol

26
Q

Brain of the cell

27
Q

very common target of our antifungal drugs

A

ergosterol

28
Q

Outer covering of nucleus

A

Nuclear membrane

29
Q

Main producer of ribosomes

29
Q

Protein synthesis

30
Q

Production of lipids

31
Q

Site for protein synthesis

32
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

33
Q

Temporary storage and transport of nutrients

34
Q

The most significant manner of reproduction; those
who are able to reproduce sexually are referred as
PERFECT FUNGI

A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

35
Q

mating of 2 genetically different strains

A

PLASMOGAMY

36
Q

mating of the 2 nucleus inside the dikaryon

37
Q

produces 4 haploid spores

38
Q

● Enclosed in a thick wall
● Commonly produced by Rhizopus (Bread mold)
and Mucor
● Parents of different genetic composition fused (top
illustration) producing the gamete, eventually
becoming a zygote.

39
Q

Produced in ascus

40
Q

the reproductive cells

A

ascospores

41
Q

enclose and release ascospores

41
Q

needs of asexual reproduction

A
  1. Spore
  2. Conducive growing ground
41
Q

Commonly produced by mushrooms
Formed externally on a base pedestal

A

BASIDIOSPORE

41
Q

house the asci

42
Q

found on the fruiting body which is a
principal structure.

A

Asexual Spore

43
Q

Is the process of asexual spore (conidia) formation
in fungi. It involves the initiation, differentiation, and
formation of specialized structures called

A

CONIDIOGENESIS

44
Q

A SEPTUM FIRST APPEARS before a cell develops into a spore

A

THALLIC CONIDIA

45
Q

Fragmented septate hyphae

A

ARTHROCONIDIA

46
Q

Thick walled formed along the periphery or tip of the
hyphae
Forms on scars or on the septum

A

CHLAMYDOSPORE

46
Q

PARENT CELL HAS ALREADY EXTENDED first before the septum has been created

A

BLASTIC CONIDIA

47
Q

● A new spore DOES develop at the scar
● A chain of spores may develop; cars will stack on
top of each other

A

ANELLOSPORES

47
Q

● Formed by budding of a hypha or yeast cell
● ALL WALL LAYERS ARE INVOLVED
● The spore may remain attached and bud further
blastospores

A

BLASTOSPORES

48
Q

● Also known as “Tretic” or “Poroconidia”
● Spore emerges through a distinct ‘pore’ in the
hyphal wall

A

POROSPORES

49
Q

● Spores that are formed on top of a phialide
● Forms in succession
● Each spore is pushed up from the end of the
conidiophore

A

PHIALOSPORES

50
Q

Produced on PORES

A

POROSPORES

51
Q

Produced on top of SCARS

A

ANELLOSPORES

52
Q

Produced on top of PHIALIDES

A

PHIALOSPORES

53
Q

● The stem that holds the spores; specially if the
spore has no outer covering
● Specialized hyphae that grows erect; on top of it are
the spores

A

CONIDIOPHORE

54
Q

Has a sporangia which is a sac-like structure that
encases the conidia

A

SPORANGIOPHORE

54
Q

4 classes of fungal elements and they are based on the types of spores that they produce sexually.

A

Zygomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Ascomycetes
Deuteromycetes

54
Q

Sporangium fungi

A

ZYGOMYCOTA

54
Q

● Description: Root-like structures that extend from
the lower surface
● Function: Anchor the fungus and aid in the
absorption of nutrients from the surrounding
environment.

55
Q

● Description: a horizontal, above-ground stem or
runner that grows along the surface of the
substrate.
● Function: They enable the plant or fungus to
produce new individuals by growing horizontally,
forming roots and shoots at nodes along their
length.

56
Q

● SAC FUNGI
● Reproduction through:
○ Conidiospores (asexual)
○ Ascospores (sexual)
○ Buds

A

ASCOMYCOTA

57
Q

● CLUB FUNGI
● Some are used as food

A

BASIDIOMYCOTA

58
Q

protects the immature mushroom

59
Q

Heterogenous group of unrelated species in which
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION HAS NEVER BEEN OBSERVED

A

DEUTEROMYCOTA

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (6 decks)

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