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P1 Bacterial Cultivation (LECTURE) Flashcards

prelims

1
Q

Refers to the increase in the number of bacteria rather than in size

  • bacteria grow in number and do not grow in size
  • This growth is affected by various factors such as optimum growth requirements, dynamics of growth, including the use of a medium that can be artificially prepared in the laboratory
A

Bacterial Growth

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2
Q

Bacterial Growth Requirements

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Environmental
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3
Q

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

(C.ES.ES.N.W.ME.S.A/SGR.GR.TR.PHR)

A
  • Carbon
  • Energy Source
  • Electron Source
  • Nitrogen
  • Water/Moisture/Humidity
  • Mineral Elements
  • Salt
  • Additional/ Special Growth Requirements
  • Gaseous Requirement
  • Temperature Requirement
  • pH Requirement
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4
Q

Needed for the synthesis of cellular components

A

Carbon

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5
Q

Carbon is at least ____ of weight

A

50%

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6
Q

Carbon Dioxide from the air

A

Autotroph

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7
Q

Organic compounds in the culture media (glucose)

A

Heterotroph

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8
Q

Energy source is ______ of weight?

A

4%

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9
Q

Light?

A

Phototroph

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10
Q

Chemical Energy?

A

Chemotroph

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11
Q

Electron Source

(I.O.N.F) “INOFF”

A
  • Inorganic molecule (Fe2+)
  • Organic molecule
  • NADH reduced from NAD
  • FADH2 reduced from FAD

  • Inorganic molecule - litotroph
  • Organic molecule - organotroph
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12
Q

Needed for the synthesis of proteins

A

Nitrogen

  • Free nitrogen from the air
  • Nitrogenous compounds in the culture media (e.g., peptone, yeast, beef extract)
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13
Q

Nitrogen is (___) of weight?

A

14%

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14
Q

Water/ Moisture/ Humidity is (_________) of bacteria

A

70%

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15
Q

Needed as co-factors in various metabolic process of the bacteria

A

Mineral Elements

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16
Q

Bacteria can tolerate salt concentration below (____)?

A

6%

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17
Q

certain bacteria that can survive high salt concentration environment

A

Halophilic bacteria or Halophiles (salt loving)

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18
Q

Bacterias that are Halophilic or Halophiles (salt loving):

(S.E.V.B)

A
  • Staphylococcus spp.
  • Enterococcus spp.
  • Vibrio spp. (except: Vibrio cholerae & Vibrio mimicus)
  • Bacillus spp.
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19
Q

Bacteria that are very difficult to grow

A

Fastidious

  • requires special or additional requirements to grow in culture media
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20
Q

Example of blood loving organism?

A

Haemophilus spp.

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21
Q

Requires both X & V factor

A

Haemophilus spp.

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22
Q

Additional/ Special Growth Requirements

Culture media:

* intact RBC
* x factor only

A

Blood Agar Plate

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23
Q

Culture media: Blood Agar Plate

1st priority:

A

5% defribinated sheep’s blood

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24
Q

Culture media: Blood Agar Plate

2nd priority:

A

horse blood

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25
Q

Culture media: Blood Agar Plate

3rd priority:

A

Rabbit’s blood

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26
Q

Culture media: Blood Agar Plate

Least priority:

A

Human blood

(must be type O – no presence of antigens)

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27
Q

Since blood agar plate lacks V factor, use (____)?

A

Chocolate Agar Plate

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28
Q

contains NAD – v factor

* lysed RBC (heat)
* has v and x factor

A

Chocolate Agar Plate

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29
Q

hydrolyzes the NAD

A

NADase

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30
Q

hydrolyzed NAD means?

NAD = Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

A

No V factor

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31
Q

Degradation product of Hgb (hemoglobin)

A

X Factor (Hemin/ Hematin)

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32
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Bacteria that grow, live, and survive in the presence of oxygen

A

Aerobe

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33
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Absolutely requires oxygen to grown, live, and survive

A

Strict/Obligate Aerobe

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34
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Example of Strict/Obligate Aerobe bacteria?

(M.M.P.N.B.F.B.L) - spp.

A
  • Micrococcus spp.
  • Mycobacterium spp.
  • Pseudomonas spp.
  • Neisseria spp.
  • Brucella spp.
  • Francisella spp.
  • Bordetella spp.
  • Leptospira spp.
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35
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Bacteria that have the ability to grow, line and survive in small concentration of oxygen environment

A

Facultative Anaerobe

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36
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Example of Facultative Anaerobe bacteria?

(S.S.FE)

A
  • Staphylococcus spp.
  • Streptococcus spp.
  • Family Enterobacteriaceae
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37
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Bacteria that prefers small concentration of oxygen environment
* approximately (_____)?

A

Microaerophilic

  • 2%-10%
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38
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Example of Microaerophilic bacteria?

(C.H.A.S) - spp.

A
  • Campylobacter spp.
  • Helicobacter spp.
  • Arcobacter spp.
  • and some Streptococcus spp.
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39
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Bacteria that grow, live and survive in the absence of oxygen

A

Anaerobe

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40
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Absolutely do not requires oxygen to grown, live, and survive

A

Strict/ Obligate Anaerobe

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41
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Example of Strict/Obligate Anaerobe bacteria?

(C/CN.B.FB.PS.PR) - spp.

A
  • many Clostridium spp. (Clostridium noyvi)
  • Most Bacteroides spp.
  • Fusobacterium spp.
  • Peptostreptococcus spp.
  • Porphyromonas spp.
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42
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Bacteria that do not require oxygen but may tolerate or withstand limited exposure to oxygen

A

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

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43
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Example of Aerotolerant Anaerobe bacteria?

(C [CP,BF])
(PB & LB)

A
  • Some Clostridium spp. (Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis)
  • Most strains of Proprionibacterium & Lactobacillus
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44
Q

Gaseous Requirement

Bacteria that requires 5%-10% CO2 to grow

A

Capnophilic

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45
Q

Gaseous Requirement: Capnophilic

N.H.A.CB.E.K.SP GROUP

A
  • Neisseria spp.
  • Haemophilus spp.
  • Aggregatibacter spp.
  • Cardiobacterium spp.
  • Eikenella spp.
  • Kingella spp.
  • Streptococcuse pneumoniae
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46
Q

Most pathogenic bacteria would grow at temperature between 35-37C

  • hence incubator in the laboratory is usually set and maintained within this temperature range for routine isolation of pathogens
A

Temperature Requirement

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47
Q

Temperature Requirement

  • Mesophilic
  • Psychrophilic/Cryophilic
  • Thermophilic
  • Hyperthermophilic/ Extremely Thermophilic:
  • Eurithermophilic:
  • Sternothermophilic:
A
  • 20-40C
  • 0-20C
  • 50-60C
  • 80-110C
  • wide range
  • narrow range
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48
Q

most pathogenic bacteria can grow in a neutral or slightly alkaline environment

hence most culture media used in routine isolation of pathogens is adjusted to this (____)

A

pH Requirement

(pH range)

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49
Q

pH requirement (___)

A

pH 7.0 – 7.5

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50
Q

pH Requirement

Acid loving bacteria

A

Acidophilic

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51
Q

pH Requirement

Example of acid loving bacteria?

(LB.A)

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

normal flora of vagina

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52
Q

pH Requirement

Alkali loving bacteria

A

Alkaliphilic

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53
Q

pH Requirement

Example of alkali loving bacteria?

(GV)

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

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54
Q

pH Requirement

Osmophilic bacteria

A

High Osmotic Pressure

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55
Q

pH Requirement

Example of osmophilic bacteria

(AB spp.)

A

Archaebacteria spp.

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56
Q

Bacterial Growth Phase

  • Generation time
  • Fast Growing Bacteria
  • Slow Growing Bacteria
A
  • Time to replicate & Refers to the stages of bacterial growth
  • 20 minutes
  • 24 hours
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57
Q

4 Bacterial Growth Phase:

A
  1. Lap Phase
  2. Log/Logarithmic/Exponential Phase
  3. Maximum stationary/Plateau phase
  4. Decline/Death phase
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58
Q

Bacterial Growth phase:

Bacteria are still adjusting to the new environment hence there is no cell division that occurs in this phase

they are activity synthesizing DNA & proteins that are necessary for cell division

A

Lag Phase

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59
Q

Bacterial Growth phase

The number of generation per hour

A

growth rate constant

60
Q

Bacterial Growth Phase

Phase where there is a sudden increase of bacteria because of rapid generation or doubling time.

  • also the phase where bacteria are most metabolically active hence most susceptible to the action of antimicrobial agents
A

Log/Logarithmic/Exponential phase

61
Q

Bacterial Growth phase

After essential nutrients are depleted, toxic products accumulate or oxygen becomes limiting, the rate of cell division equates the rate of cell death

A

Maximum stationary/Plateau phase

62
Q

Bacterial Growth Phase

Due to unfavorable environment for growth, bacterial cell division decreases while cell death becomes more accelerated

A

Decline/Death phase

63
Q

Bacterial Growth phase: answer whether it has C.D and Increase in Number

Lag phase

C.D = Cell Division

(YES OR NO)

A
  • Cell Division: NO
  • Increase in Number: NO
64
Q

Bacterial Growth phase: answer whether it has C.D and Increase in Number

Log/Logarithmic/Exponential phase

C.D = Cell Division

(YES OR NO)

A
  • Cell Division: YES
  • Increase in Number: YES
65
Q

Bacterial Growth phase: answer whether it has C.D and Increase in Number

Maximum stationary/Plateau phase

C.D = Cell Division

(YES OR NO)

A
  • Cell Division: YES
  • Increase in Number: NO
66
Q

Bacterial Growth phase: answer whether it has C.D and Increase in Number

Decline/Death phase

C.D = Cell Division

(YES OR NO)

A
  • Cell Division: YES
  • Increase in Number: NO
67
Q

artificial preparation in the laboratory which contains basic foundation of nutrients and a solidifying agent (if needed) to support the growth of microorganisms

  • Additional substances may be added to enrich the media for growth of microorganisms that are very difficult to grow (FASTIDIOUS)
A

CULTURE MEDIA

68
Q

TERMINOLOGIES: Culture Media

CULTURE
* Noun:
* Verb:

A
  • growth of microorganisms
  • to growth/ to cultivate microorganism
69
Q

TERMINOLOGIES: Culture Media

Introducing the microorganism to the culture media

A

Inoculate/Plant/Cultivate

70
Q

TERMINOLOGIES: Culture Media

Transfer of microorganisms from one culture media to another

A

Transplant/ Subculture

71
Q

Classification of Culture Media

Composed of known and exact amounts of pure chemical substances

* according to Composition

(S/CD)

A

Synthetic/Chemically Defined

72
Q

Classification of Culture Media

Composed of complex materials that are rich in vitamins and nutrients that are not usually represented by a chemical formula such as peptones, beef or yeast extract, plant extracts etc.

* according to Composition

(N-S, NCD, C)

A

Non-Synthetic/Non-Chemically Defined/Complex

73
Q

Classification of Culture Media

Live cells harvested from organs of humans and animals that supports the growth of obligate intracellular organisms that cannot grow in artificially prepared culture media

* according to Composition

(TCM)

A

Tissue Culture Media

74
Q

Tissue Culture Media used in Microbiology Laboratory:

(VCL, MCCCL, CE, AC, HCL, H2CL)

A
  • Vero Cell Line
  • Mc Coy Cell Line
  • Chicken Embryo
  • A549 Cells
  • HELA Cell Line
  • Hep-2 Cell Line
75
Q

Tissue Culture Media used in Microbiology Laboratory

Kidney cells of an African Green Monkey

source

A

Vero Cell Line

76
Q

Tissue Culture Media used in Microbiology Laboratory

Mouse cell line

source

A

Mc Coy Cell Line

77
Q

Tissue Culture Media used in Microbiology Laboratory

Fertilized chicken egg

source

A

Chicken Embryo

78
Q

Tissue Culture Media used in Microbiology Laboratory

Human lung carcinoma

source

A

A549 Cells

79
Q

Tissue Culture Media used in Microbiology Laboratory

Human cervical carcinoma

source

A

HELA Cell Line

80
Q

Tissue Culture Media used in Microbiology Laboratory

Human epithelial cells of larynx carcinoma

source

A

Hep-2 Cell Line

81
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Physical State/Consistency

a culture medium that doesn’t contain a solidifying agent

82
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Physical State/Consistency

A culture medium that contains 0.5% - 1% agar

A

Semi-solid

83
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Physical State/Consistency

Used for observation of hydrogen sulfide gas production, indole production and motility

under semi-solid

(SIMM)

A

Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) Medium

84
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Physical State/Consistency

A culture medium which contains 1.5% - 3%T (2%-3%) agar

85
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Manner of:

Usually contained in a container that can be made of glass (pyrex) or disposable plastic (Petridish)

Dispensing/Formation

86
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Manner of:

Usually, container in glass tubes such as Wassermann tubes with different volume capacity (3mL, 5mL, 10mL) or in a tube with a flat bottom and a screw cap

Dispensing/Formation

87
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Manner of:

Culture media contained in a glass bottle that is usually used for blood culture

Dispensing/Formation

88
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Function/ Use

Contains basic nutritional requirements to support the growth of non-fastidious microorganisms

This is also used a base medium in the preparation of other culture media

A

General Purpose/Primary/Basic/Basal/ Supportive/General Isolation Culture Media

89
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Function/ Use

Contains the basic nutritional requirement to support the growth of non-fastidious microorganisms with additives, enriching substances, or supplements to support the growth of fastidious microorganisms

(e.g. Blood Agar & Chocolate Agar Plate)

A

Enriched Culture Media

90
Q

Classification of Culture Media according to Function/ Use

A primary media used to support or favor the selective growth of pathogens in a specimen, such as stool or sputum, where the number of normal flora outnumber the pathogens

* Use commonly stool specimen

(EB)

A

Enrichment Broth

91
Q

Examples of Enrichment Broth:

(APW, SFB, THIOB, GNB,T-HB)

A
  • Alkaline Peptone Water (APW)
  • Selenite F Broth
  • Thioglycolate Broth (THIO)
  • GN Broth (Gram Negative Broth)
  • Todd-Hewitt Broth
92
Q

Used to selectively favor the growth of Vibrio while inhibiting all other normal intestinal flora due its high pH

A

Alkaline Peptone Water (APW)

93
Q

Used to selectively favor the growth of Salmonella while inhibiting all other normal intestinal flora

A

Selenite F Broth

94
Q

An enrichment broth for anaerobic bacteria but should be used solely in the isolation of anaerobic bacteria since it can also grow aerobes and facultative anaerobes

(THIOB)

A

Thioglycolate Broth (THIO)

95
Q

Used to selectively favor the growth of Salmonella and Shigella while inhibiting all other normal intestinal flora

A

GN Broth (Gram Negative Broth)

96
Q

A liquid enrichment recommended for the production of Streptococcal haemolysin and the cultivation of Streptococci prior to serological grouping

A

Todd-Hewitt Broth

97
Q

A primary isolation culture media which maintains the viability of bacteria allowing rapid multiplication if there is an anticipated delay in bringing the specimen collected bedside or remotely to the laboratory

(TCM)

A

Transport Culture Media (TCM)

98
Q

Favors the growth of the organism of interest using inhibitors added in the culture media

(SCM)

A

Selective Culture Media

99
Q

Contains indicators which changes in color as a result of a product produced be a chemical reaction in the components of the media such as glucose

(DCM)

A

Differential Culture Media

100
Q

NOTE:

it is important to remember and understand that not all selective culture media are differential but all differential culture media are selective

101
Q

INHIBITORS IN CULTURE MEDIA

  • Dyes:
  • Chemicals:
  • Antibiotics:

Inhibitors for Gram Positive Bacteria

(CV,E,MB,BG,ETC)
(BMS,BS[SD],TS,C,ETC.)
(V)

A
  • Crystal violet, eosin, methylene blue, brilliant green, etc.
  • Bismuth sulfite, bile salts (sodium desoxycholate), thiosulfate, citrate, etc.
  • Vancomycin
102
Q

INHIBITORS IN CULTURE MEDIA

  • Dyes:
  • Chemicals:
  • Antibiotics:

Inhibitors for Gram Negative Bacteria

(BF & T [BA])

A
  • Basic fuchsin and
  • thionine for Brucella abortus
103
Q

INHIBITORS IN CULTURE MEDIA

  • Antibiotics:

Inhibitors for Fungi

(N.A.AB)

A
  • Nystatin
  • Anisomycin
  • Ampothericin B.
104
Q

INHIBITORS IN CULTURE MEDIA

  • Indicators in Culture Media:
A
  • Dyes and chemical substances such as pH indicators
105
Q

Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) Agar

  • Original Color:
  • Selective for:
  • Inhibitors:
  • Differential Indicators:

(DV)
(GNEB)
(E&MB)
(E&MB)

MOST COMMONLY AND ROUTINELY USED SELECTIVE & DIFFERENTIAL CULTURE MEDIA IN THE LABORATORY

A
  • Dark violet
  • Gram negative enteric bacilli
  • Eosin and Methylene Blue
  • Eosin and Methylene Blue
106
Q

RLF: Rapid Lactose Fermenter

Number of hrs of incubation

A

able to ferment lactose for 18-24 hours incubation

107
Q

LLF: Late Lactose Fermenter

number of hrs of incubation

A

able to ferment lactose for 36-72 hours incubation

108
Q

RLF

medium sized dark violet colonies with greenish metallic sheen

(EC)

Differentiation of Family Enterobacteriaceae based on lactose fermentation

A

Escherichia
(E. coli)

109
Q

RLF

Appears medium sized dark violet colonies with/without dark center

(EB)

Differentiation of Family Enterobacteriaceae based on lactose fermentation

A

Enterobacter

110
Q

RLF

Large sized mucoid dark violet colonies with or without dark center

(KS)

Differentiation of Family Enterobacteriaceae based on lactose fermentation

A

Klebsiella

111
Q

LLF bacteria:

(HSCB,SA,SS,YEC)

A
  • Hafnia, Serratia, Citrobacter
  • Salmonella arizonae
  • Shigella sonnei
  • Yersinia enterocolitica
112
Q

NLF (appear colorless colonies) bacteria:

(PPME)

A
  • All Salmonella except S. arizonae
  • All Shigella except S. sonnei
  • All Yersinia except enterocolitica
  • Proteus, Providencia, Morganella, Edwardsiella
113
Q

Mc Conkey (MAC) Agar

  • Original Color:
  • Selective for:
  • Inhibitors:
  • Differential Indicators:

(LP)
(GNEB)
(CV, BS, C)
(NR)

A
  • Light pink
  • Gram negative enteric bacilli
  • Crystal violet, bile salts, Citrate
  • Neutral Red
114
Q

Salmonella-Shigella (SSA) Agar

  • Orginal color:
  • Selective
    For:
    Inhibitors:
  • Differential:
    Indicators: pH indicators:
    H2S indicator:
    Sulfur Source:

(LO)
(S & SG spp.)
(BG, BS, C)
(NR)
(FAC)
(ST)

A
  • Orginal color: Light orange
  • For: Salmonella and Shigella spp.
  • Inhibitors: Brilliant Green, Bile Salts, Citrate
  • Indicators: pH indicator: Neutral red
  • H2S Indicator: Ferric ammonium citrate
  • Sulfur Source: Sodium thiosulfate
115
Q

Hektoen Enteric (HEA) Agar

  • Orginal color:
  • Selective
    For:
    Inhibitors:
  • Differential:
    Indicators: pH indicators:
    H2S indicator:
    Sulfur Source:

(DG)
(GNEB)
(BS, C)
(BTB)
(FAC)
(ST)

A
  • Orginal color: Dark Green
  • For: Gram negative Enteric bacilli
  • Inhibitors: Bile Salts, Citrate
  • Indicators: pH indicator: Bromthymol Blue (BTB)
  • H2S Indicator: Ferric ammonium citrate
  • Sulfur Source: Sodium thiosulfate
116
Q

Bismuth Sulfite (BSA) Agar

  • Selective
    For:
    Inhibitors:
    CHO Incorporated:

(S spp)
(BMS)
(GL)

A
  • For: Salmonella spp. (Salm. Typhi has distinct appearance)
  • Inhibitors: Bismuth sulfite
  • CHO Incorporated: Glucose

Salmonella typhi colonies appear as black colonies with silver metallic sheen

117
Q

Brilliant Green (BGA) Agar

  • Selective
    For:
    Inhibitors:
    CHO Incorporated:

(S spp/S t)
(BG)
(LC)

A
  • For: Salmonella spp. except for Salmonella typhi
  • Inhibitors: Brilliant green
  • CHO Incorporated: Lactose

Salmonella spp., colonies appear as white colonies resembling a snowflake surrounded by brilliant red medium

118
Q

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) Agar

  • Orginal color:
  • Selective
    For:
    Inhibitors:
  • Differential:
    Indicators:

(LG/OG)
(VB spp.)
(TS, C, BS)
(BTB)

A
  • Original Color: Light Green/ Olive Green
  • For: Vibrio spp.
  • Inhibitors: Thiosulfate, Citrate, Bile Salts
  • Indicators: Bromthymol Blue (BTB)
119
Q

Mannitol Salt (MSA) Agar

  • Orginal color:
  • Selective
    For:
    Inhibitors:
  • Differential:
    Indicators:

(L/SP)
(SP spp.)
(^ s 7.5%)
(PR)

A
  • Original Color: Light/ Salmon Pink
  • For: Staphylococcus spp.
  • Inhibitors: High concentration of salts (7.5%)
  • Indicators: Phenol Red
120
Q

Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) Medium

  • Orginal color:
  • Selective
    For:
    Inhibitors:

(LG)
(MB spp.)
(MG)

A
  • Original Color: Light Green
  • For: Mycobacterium spp.
  • Inhibitors: Malachite Green
121
Q

Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) Medium

Sputum Sample needs to be:

(DC/DG)
(DCT)

A
  1. Decongested/ Digested
  2. Decontaminated
122
Q

Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) Medium

To dissolve the thick mucus/mucin that might be trapping the bacteria in the sample.

N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC) is usually used

(DC/DG)

A

Decongested/Digested

123
Q

Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) Medium

To eliminate normal flora that contaminates the sample.

NaOH is usually used

A

Decontaminated

124
Q

Selective Medium for Neisseria spp.

(N. spp - GNC)
(CHA-AB)

A
  • Neisseria spp., Gram negative cocci
  • Usually composed of chocolate agar base with antibiotics
125
Q

Selective Medium for Neisseria spp.

  • Gram + Inhibitor:
  • Gram - Inhibitor:
  • Fungal Inhibitor:
  • Proteus spp. Inhibitor

Culture media: Thayer Martin Agar (TMA)

(V,C,N, -)

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Colistin
  • Nystatin
  • no proteus spp. inhibitor
126
Q

Selective Medium for Neisseria spp.

  • Gram + Inhibitor:
  • Gram - Inhibitor:
  • Fungal Inhibitor:
  • Proteus spp. Inhibitor

Culture media: Modified Thayer Martin Agar (MTMA)

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Colistin
  • Nystatin
  • Trimethoprim
127
Q

Selective Medium for Neisseria spp.

  • Gram + Inhibitor:
  • Gram - Inhibitor:
  • Fungal Inhibitor:
  • Proteus spp. Inhibitor

Culture media: Martin-Lewis Agar (MLA)

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Colistin
  • Anisomycin
  • Trimethoprim
128
Q

Selective Medium for Neisseria spp.

  • Gram + Inhibitor:
  • Gram - Inhibitor:
  • Fungal Inhibitor:
  • Proteus spp. Inhibitor

Culture media: New York City Agar (NYCA)

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Colistin
  • Amphotericin B
  • Trimethoprim
129
Q

Selective Medium for Neisseria spp.

  • Gram + Inhibitor:
  • Gram - Inhibitor:
  • Fungal Inhibitor:
  • Proteus spp. Inhibitor

Culture media: GC-LECT

A
  • Decreased concentration of Vancomycin; added w/ Lincomycin
  • Colistin
  • Amphotericin B
  • Trimethoprim
130
Q

CULTURE MEDIA FOR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY/SENSITIVITY TESTING (AST)

(MB, HP spp., MB spp.)

A
  • Most bacteria
  • Haemophilus spp.
  • Mycobacterium spp.
131
Q

CULTURE MEDIA FOR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY/SENSITIVITY TESTING (AST)

Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) and Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB)

A

Most Bacteria

132
Q

CULTURE MEDIA FOR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY/SENSITIVITY TESTING (AST)

Mueller Hinton with Chocolate Agar Base or Haemophilus Test Medium (HTM) Agar

(fastidious organism – difficult to grow)

A

Haemophilus spp.

133
Q

CULTURE MEDIA FOR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY/SENSITIVITY TESTING (AST)

Middlebrook 7H10 or 7H11 Medium

A

Mycobacterium spp.

134
Q

Characteristic/Biochemical Culture Media

(SIMM,MR,VP,SCA,TSIA,LIA,MB,SUB/CUA)

A
  • Sulfide Indole Motility Medium (SIM)
  • Methyl Red (MR)
  • Voges-Proskauer (VP)
  • Simmon Citrate Agar (SCA)
  • Triple Sugar Ion Agar (TSI)
  • Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)
  • Moeller’s Broth
  • Stuart’s Urea Broth or Christensen Urea Agar
135
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

Used for observation of hydrogen sulfide gas production

A

Sulfide Indole Motility Medium (SIM)

136
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

there will be presence of black precipitate

Sulfide Indole Motility Medium (SIM)

(HSGP)

A

hydrogen sulfide gas production

137
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

can be observed by the appearance of red or pink ring formation

Sulfide Indole Motility Medium (SIM)

(IP)

A

indole production

138
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

presence of turbidity or spread of colonies along the side of inoculation

Sulfide Indole Motility Medium (SIM)

(M)

139
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

Used for the detection of bacterial pathogen that metabolize glucose using the Mixed Acid pathway

  • Add (__) as reagent
A

Methyl Red (MR)

140
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

Used for the detection of bacterial pathogen that metabolizes glucose using the Butylene Glycol Pathway

  • Add alpha-naptol as reagent
A

Voges-Proskauer (VP)

Note:
* Positive MR = Negative VP
* Negative MR = Positive VP

(to determine what pathway of glucose metabolism)

141
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

Used for the detection of bacterial pathogen that can utilize citrate as a sole source of carbon

  • Green slanted media (original color)
  • Positive result (blue)
A

Simmon Citrate Agar (SCA)

142
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

Used for the determination of bacterial pathogen’s ability to ferment glucose, sucrose or lactose.

  • It can also detect sulfide
    production     (blackening of the agar)
  • gas production (+ result = bubbles, cracks or spaces on the culture media)
A

Triple Sugar Ion Agar (TSIA)

143
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

  • Red/red:
  • Control
  • Red/yellow:
  • Yellow/yellow:
  • Red/yellow with H2S:

Triple Sugar Ion Agar (TSI)

A
  • no sugar fermentation
  • control
  • Glucose fermented but lactose and sucrose not fermented
  • Glucose fermented. Lactose and/or sucrose fermented
  • Red/yellow with H2S
144
Q

Triple Sugar Ion Agar (TSI): percentage/parts

  • dextrose:
  • sucrose:
  • lactose:

the “parts” are SIMPLIFIED VERSION

A
  • 0.1% (1 part)
  • 1.0% (10 parts)
  • 1.0% (10 parts)
145
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

Used for the determination of bacterial pathogen’s ability to decarboxylate or deaminate lysine.

  • It can also detect glucose fermentation, sulfide production and gas production
A

Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)

146
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

Used to detect lysine decarboxylation, ornithine decarboxylation, and arginine dihydrolysis

A

Moeller’s Broth

147
Q

Characteristic/ Biochemical Culture Media

Used to detect bacterial pathogen that hydrolyze urea substrate

A

Stuart’s Urea Broth or Christensen Urea Agar

BACT 211 (8 decks)

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