P1 4a introduction

Question 1

what are organic compounds?

Answer 1

compounds that contain carbon

- with exception to metal carbonates, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

Question 2

what is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 3

what is a homologous series?

Answer 3

a series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties

Question 4

what do all members of the homologous series have?

Answer 4

• the same general formula
• same functional group
• similar chemical properties
• gradation in their physical properties

Question 5

what is a functional group?

Answer 5

a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that inferences the properties of a homologous series

Question 6

what is the homologous series of alkanes general formula?

Answer 6

CnH2n+2

Question 7

what is the homologous series of alkanes functional group?

Answer 7

C-C

Question 8

what is the homologous series of alkenes general formula?

Answer 8

CnH2n

Question 9

what is the homologous series of alkenes functional group?

Answer 9

C=C

Question 10

what is the homologous series of alcohols general formula?

Answer 10

CnH(2n+1)OH

Question 11

what is the homologous series of alcohols functional group?

Answer 11

-OH

Question 12

what is the homologous series of carboxylic acids general formula?

Answer 12

CnH(2n+1)COOH

Question 13

what is the homologous series of carboxylic acids functional group?

Answer 13

-COOH

Question 14

what is the named order (first part of the name) that tells you how many carbons it has

Answer 14

meth - 1
eth - 2 
prop - 3
but - 4
pent - 5 
hex - 6 
hept - 7
oct - 8
non - 9 
dec - 10

Question 15

what is an isomer?

Answer 15

compounds that have the same molecular formula but can be displayed differently (in the displayed formula)

Question 16

what are the there types of reactions organic compounds can be classified into?

Answer 16

substitution
addition
combustion

Question 17

what happens in substitution?

Answer 17

when one functional group is replaced by another

Question 18

what happens in addition?

Answer 18

when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products

Question 19

what happens in complete combustion?

Answer 19

burning with unlimited supply of air

- an organic substance reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, when complete

Question 20

what happens in incomplete combustion?

Answer 20

burning with limited supply of air

- the substance will react with oxygen to form carbon monoxide and water