p victry Flashcards
Aims of the opposition in the long parliament? (4)
1) Removal of Charles’ evil advisors, especially Strafford.
2) Reforms to prevent personal rule.
3) Reform of the church in accordance with Puritan principles.
4) Increase role of parliament in government.
Aims of the king in the Long parliament? (2)
1) The treaty of Ripon had left him in a desperate situation with regard to finance.
2) He hoped that he could get the funds he needed without too much in the way of concessions.
What actions were taken against Strafford? Removal of the king’s ‘evil counsellors’
Wentworth (now Earl of Strafford) and Laud both arrested in November 1640 and impeached, Strafford put on trial in April 1641, knew House of Lords would not find him guilty of treason so resorted to passing an Act of Attainder and he was beheaded in May
When did the Irish rebellion take place and what was it’s significance? (3)
The Irish rebellion took place on October 1641.
This was a catholic rising against the Ulster Protestants which seemed to confirm the Puritan belief in a Catholic conspiracy to root out Protestantism.
1) It provided useful propaganda for the opposition.
2) It raised the issue of who was to lead any army that was sent to crush the rebellion.
3) Parliament did not trust Charles to use an army against the Irish for fear that he would use the troops closer to home.
What was the Grand Remonstrance and when did it take place?
By what majority was it passed?
What did it show?
1) The Grand Remonstrance was a document produced by parliament in November 1641 which listed all of the wrongs committed by Charles since 1626 in an effort to deny Charles the control of the army.
2 seemed as an appeal to the people rather than to the king
3) It was passed by a slim majority, with 159 MPs voting for and 148 against, while almost 200 abstained. Passed narrowly by 11 votes
4) The slim majority showed that a royalist party was beginning to emerge in parliament.
5) The proposals put to Charles were so radical, that moderates felt he was justified in rejecting them.
What was the ‘Attempted arrest of five MPs’ and when did it take place? (5)
October 1641
2) He attempted to arrest the five MPs he saw as leaders of the opposition for treason.
3) He went to the commons to arrest them himself, in breach of MPs parliamentary privilege.
4) However the MPs in question had fled to the city and escaped their arrest.
5) The attempt provoked such as hostile reaction in London, that Charles feared for the safety of himself and his family and withdrew to Hampton Court.
highlighted that the king could not be trusted as he was seen to restore his authority by force
What was the Militia Ordinance and when was it published?
The Militia Ordinance was issued in March 1642.
1) The Ordinance took control of the local militias away from Charles which financing them through a county levy.
2) This was a clear breach of the constitution as it was without Charles’ consent, despite the fact it was his prerogative power to control the army.
3) This led to further concerns amongst moderate about overriding royal power.
What were the nineteen propositions and when were they published?
Give two of the demands.
What was Charles’ reaction to the demands?
The Nineteen Propositions published in June 1642 were a list of demands drawn up by parliament and presented to the king.
They included:
1) Church reform to be decided by parliament.
2) Upbringing of royal children to be supervised by parliament.
The Nineteen Propositions were unacceptable to Charles and led to greater royal support from moderates.
What were the political causes of the civil war? (5)
1) The relationship between the monarch and the people had been under strain for a long time.
2) James I had found relations with parliament very difficult and the issue of finance was one that was unsolved.
3) Ordinary revenue was insufficient due to inflation and the falling value of the parliamentary subsidy.
4) Hence, the monarch was forced to go to parliament for more money, but this meant parliament could use finance as a bargaining chip to press for reforms.
5) If parliament gave the crown a large grant then there would be no need for parliament, but if they were slow to grant money then they risked being dissolved - STALEMATE.
What was Charles’s role in the build up to civil war? (4)
Charles worsened the situation in a number of ways:
1) The attempted arrest of the five MPs.
2) He failed to build a working relationship with parliament and then attempted to rule without one for 11 years.
3) His support for Laudian reforms increased Puritan resentment and fuelled suspicion of the Catholic plot.
4) He was difficult in negotiation and often unwilling to compromise over matters he felt were vital for his throne.
How did the first Civil War end?
King Charles surrenders to the Scottish army 5 May 1646, left stronghold at oxford
How did PM separate after the First Civil War?
Into political Presbyterians and political Independents - PPs has close sides with Scotland’s military leaders and wanted settlement with king, PIs linked to MPs that were NMA officers
What were the Newcastle Propositions (1646)?
Political Presbyterians attempt at compromise, included:
- Office of Bishop in the Anglican Church to be abolished
- strict anti-catholic laws
- PM to take control of armed forces for 20 years
What politicised the NMA in 1647?
Concerned with the arrears of pay not given to them, parliament voted to disband the army without pay and within a few months the army emerged as a rival political force, elected their own political spokesmen (Agitators)
What was the Heads of the Proposals?
Presented to king by army leaders on 2 August, was drafted by Ireton
- Triennial Act would be repealed and replaced with Biennial parliaments
- Parliament would nominate key officers of state for 10 years
- Parliament would control the militia for 10 yea
