Conflicts between king and Parliament 1665-81 Flashcards
What was the first sign that Charles II wished to pursue an agenda that favoured Catholicism?
He attempted to suspend the Act of Uniformity in 1662 and provide a measure of religious toleration.
How did Charles II’s foreign policy indicate his leanings towards Catholicism?
His foreign policy was pro-Frencha.
Why was there sus that charles was catholic?
5 reasons brief
1) His background- mummy war catholic french and he live in france for 11 yrss
2) His foreign policy - treaty of dover 1670
3) Great plague and great fire of london
4) The cabal (2 catholic advisors)
5) James II catholic fdan
The political impact of Charles’ humiliation in the Anglo-Dutch war was increased by…
the outbreak of plague in 1665 and the Great Fire
that followed a year later.
After the defeat in the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the Great Plague and the Great Fire, suspicions abounded that the plague was the work of… and rumours sparked that the fire had been started by..
Catholic advisers to the king
Papists who were plotting to seize power (helped by Papists at Court)
How was Charles able to deflect some of the criticism that followed the humiliation of the Second Anglo-Dutch War?
by allowing parliament to blame the Earl of Clarendon and replacing Clarendon with a group of advisers known as the Cabal.
Despite trying to deflect criticism by replacing Clarendon with the Cabal, how did Charles in fact encourage more criticism?
2 members of the Cabal were Catholic
Which treaty did Charles sign that seemed to confirm his Catholic leanings?
He signed the Treaty of Dover with the French in 1670, which committed England to further war with the Dutch.
With the Treaty of Dover, the political nation was unaware of… and that…
a secret clause committing Charles to announce his conversion to Catholicism at an appropriate time
a French subsidy that accompanied the Treaty was designed to free the king from his dependence on parliaments.
What did Charles issue that further confirmed the suspicions of the political nation that he had Catholic leanings?
Dec of indulgence 1672
What financial problems did Charles face in 1672?
He was unable to pay his debts, and so had suspended repayments to his creditors in what became known as the Stop of the Exchequer.
Why did Charles have little choice to call a parliament after suspending repayments to his creditors in 1672?
He was obliged by the Treaty of Dover to begin the Third Anglo-Dutch War and had no funds.
When Charles recalled parliament to ask for funds for the Anglo-Dutch War, what did parliament demand in return?
The withdrawal of the Declaration of Indulgence.
After demanding the withdrawal of the Declaration of Indulgence, what did Parliament pass to reinforce its opposition to religious toleration?
The 1673 Test Act
What did the 1673 Test Act do?
Required all office holders to declare their opposition to Catholic religious doctrines.
The test Act led to the resignation of… as well as the fall of…
James (Duke of York)
the Cabal.
How did Charles recognise that he’d overstepped his powers and accept the political reality?
By appointing as Treasurer the Earl of Danby, whose views and credentials were impeccably Anglican and Protestant.
Despite appointing an Orthodox Anglican to the post of Treasurer, the religious fears that Charles had created reappeared with…
the emergence of the “Popish Plot”.
1678
How did Charles recognise that he’d overstepped his powers and accept the political reality?
By appointing as Treasurer the Earl of Danby, whose views and credentials were impeccably Anglican and Protestant.
However, Shaftsbury, wanted more religious toleration for dissenters = political tension.
Although the Popish Plot was completely… , it gave parliament the opportunity to… , forcing Charles to…
fabricated
denounce the king’s ministers
dissolve the Cavalier Parliament in January 1679.
Rumours that raised from the Popish Plot sparked a full-scale… when…
political crisis
opposition in parliament attempted to pass a law to
political crisis
opposition in parliament attempted to pass a law to exclude James from the succession.
Who did the Whig Parliament set about excluding from succession? Who was to be the replacement?
wanted to exclude (Catholic) James
Replacement to be Charles’ illegit, Protestant son, Duke of Monmouth
Links to Catholic concerns and popish plot
Why did Charles set about stopping the exclusion of his brother from the line of succession?
He saw it as an attack on his divine right to rule
What was the first basic stage of the exclusion crisis?
1679
First Exclusion Bill passed in the House of Commons but didn’t go to the House of Lords as Charles dissolved Parliament
