P/S lecture 7 Flashcards
multi store model of memory
only sensory info that is given attention is put into ST
broadbent filter model of selective attention
bent is filtered out, broad info gets thru and goes thru bottleneck to higher level processing THEN ST mem
treisman attenuation model of selective attention
analogous to cocktail party effect; all kinds of info is stored (via flexible bottleneck) but unattended is only subconscious
three components of tasks that affect multitasking
similarity, difficulty, ability to perform them
schema
mental frameworks which allow us to use past experiences to respond to new ones (some flexibility is seen btw both old and new)
insight
like a lightbulb after a puzzling brainstorm
heuristic
mental rule of thumb, shortcut, or guideline
algorithm
step by step procedure
confirmation bias
occurs when we only seek support for our ideas
fixation
pertaining to mindset – inability to accept another idea or restructure an old one; similar to belief perseverance which occurs when contrary evidence is also provided
functional fixedness
only seeing 1 use for an object
mental set
approaching situations similarly bc they worked before (ie me approaching the mcat like an important beam routine)
belief bias
tendency to judge conclusions based on preconceived ideas instead of using the logic of the arguments to do so
availability heuristic
when we rely on what we learned recently or are reminded of info pertaining to a certain decision or judgement
representative heuristic
predictions based on a similar prototype
error in availability heuristic
overestimating the likelihood of an event
intelligence
ability to adapt and learn from experiences
social intelligence
managing and understanding people
emotional intelligence
awareness of emotions in thinking and decision making e.g. putting long term reward over st
fluid intelligence
abstract reasoning
crystallized intelligence
knowledge and verbal skills
behaviorist, nativist, sapir-whorf, and interactionist theories all pertain to what component of culture
language
behaviorist theory and theorist
language develops to operant conditioning; BF skinner
nativist theory and theorist
language use is innate; Noam chomsky
language acquisition device
characteristic of humans that allows them to develop a universal grammar across all cultures
critical period according to nativist theory
period before period where people can learn a language just by being exposed to it
interactionist theory and theorist
language is learned via interaction, cognition, and biology; lev vygotsky
sapir-whorf hypothesis
that the structure and vocabulary of a language affect the culture that uses it
categorical perception
how broadly or specifically a certain topic is described
linguistic determinism
that a language affects how thoughts and emotions are cognitively interpreted
