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P/S MCAT flashcards > P/S lecture 4 > Flashcards

P/S lecture 4 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

what does OCEAN stand for

A

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

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2
Q

neuroticism

A

having high levels of emotion

  • high neuroticism = more negative emotions
  • low neuroticism = low negative emotions
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3
Q

the core component of self concept

A

personality

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4
Q

defn personality

A

feelings, way of thinking, beliefs, and behaviors

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5
Q

life course perspective

A

understanding of personality according to cultural, social, and structural context

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6
Q

psychoanalytic perspective defn and theorist

A

personality is shaped largely by the unconscious which is developed during childhood; Freud

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7
Q

structural levels of human psyche

A

id, ego, and superego

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8
Q

id defn

A

seek pleasure, avoid pain (unconscious)

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9
Q

ego

A

logical thinking and planning

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10
Q

superego

A

moral judgements, manages id and ego

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11
Q

psychosexual stages of development and ages

A 
oral (0-1)
anal (1-3)
phallic (3-6)
latency (6-12)
genital (12+)
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12
Q

primary focus of phallic, latency, and genital stages of psychosexual development (the 3 i’s)

A

phallic – identity
latency – interaction
genital – intimacy

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13
Q

libido

A

life drive (pleasure, survival, and avoiding pain)

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14
Q

death drive

A

drive twd danger, destruction, and pain

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15
Q

psychosocial stages of development defn and theorist

A

personality is shaped by social influences; Erikson

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16
Q

1st stage of psychosocial development and age

A

trust vs mistrust – 0-2

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17
Q

2nd stage of psychosocial development and age

A

autonomy vs shame – 2-4

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18
Q

3rd stage of psychosocial development and age

A

initiative vs guilt – 4-5

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19
Q

4th stage of psychosocial development and age

A

industry vs inferiority – 6-10

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20
Q

5th stage of psychosocial development and age

A

identity vs role confusion – 12-18

21
Q

6th stage of psychosocial development and age

A

intimacy vs isolation– 18+

22
Q

7th stage of psychosocial development

A

generativity vs stagnation

23
Q

8th stage of psychosocial development

A

integrity vs despair

24
Q

which psychosocial stage matches most closely with the timeline of Freud’s latency stage

A

industry vs inferiority

25
Q

which psychosocial stage matches most closely with the timeline of Freud’s genital stage

A

identity vs role confusion

26
Q

humanist perspective defn and theorist

A

humans want to realize their full potential and are frustrated when that is prevented; Rogers

27
Q

does conditional or unconditional positive regard lead to a lack of desire to realize potential and define those two terms

A

conditional; the humanist perspective says that people can only accomplish self actualization when they have been raised with unconditional positive regard; when raised with conditional positive regard, they believe that they must meet certain conditions to feel worth and frustrations in doing so lead to decr desire to

28
Q

behaviorist perspective defn and theorist

A

personality is entirely learned based on the behaviors demonstrated in their environment; Skinner

29
Q

social cognitive theory defn and theorist

A

personality is a result of behavior, cognitive, and environment factors; bandura

30
Q

vicarious reinforcement

A

even though a person is not directly rewarded, they see that a person’s actions are and thus copy them

31
Q

trait perspective defn and theorist

A

personality is relatively stable over time; involves traits, habits, thoughts, and emotions; eysenck

32
Q

findings of temperament and heritability studies

A

showed that brain part stimulation evokes certain traits

33
Q

cardinal traits

A

rare and develop later in life but are very defining of that person

34
Q

central traits

A

foundational traits from which others branch off of

35
Q

secondary traits

A

situational based on attitude and preference

36
Q

drive reduction theory

A

having a need creates an aroused state which drives behavior

37
Q

james-lange theory

A

stimulus –> physiological response –> emotion

38
Q

cannon-bard theory

A

stimulus –> physiological and emotional response

39
Q

schnacter-singer theory

A

stimulus –> physiological response –> cognitive interpretation –> emotion

40
Q

yerkes-dodson law

A

there is an optimal level of emotional arousal for performance

41
Q

ambient stressors

A

those which are integrated into our environment

42
Q

cognitive appraisal

A

personal evaluation of a threat and determination of how stressful it is for us

43
Q

secondary response to cognitive appraisal

A

evaluation of damage, ability to cope with threat, and how to deal with it

44
Q

buffering hypothesis of social support

A

the idea that social support creates a protective layer for a person from a stressful event

45
Q

direct effects hypothesis of social support

A

social support allows a person to find a direct approach to managing stressful event

46
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

when behaviors and beliefs do not match or if two beliefs do not match, a person feels negative tension

47
Q

principle of aggregation as it relates to attitude

A

attitude determines the aggregate or average of a persons behavior but not each and every isolated act

48
Q

when does attitude predict behavior?

A
  • when social influences are reduced
  • when we observe the general patterns of behavior
  • when a specific belief is held about a behavior
  • when a person has the opportunity for self-reflection
49
Q

when does behavior predict attitude

A
  • when role playing
  • after making a declaration
  • when alot of effort is put into something

P/S MCAT flashcards (7 decks)

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