Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPT MSK - fall 22 > P! Phenotyping - Exam 2 > Flashcards

P! Phenotyping - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

are stiff areas always painful when you have hypomobility? what happens if it’s not addressed?

A

No, but if not addressed, it will usually cause painful hypermobile compensations elsewhere –> the path of least resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stiff facet leads to hypermobile ______ ________

A

adjacent facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stiff/hypomobile upper thoracic region leads to ___________ low ______ spine

A

hypermobile; cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do you get more uniform/distributed motion?

A

mobilize stiff areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are hypermobile areas usually painful? why or why not?

A

yes because the axis of motion is less controlled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which muscles are better to control motion to stabilize hypermobile areas?

A

smaller and deeper muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what must you make sure to do when treating hypermobility?

A

look at adjacent regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the orientation of facets determine? (2)

A

direction and amount of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what part of the C spine favors all motions rather equally?

A

C2-C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what planes are C2-C7 between?

A

frontal and transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what plane is upper thoracic region in?

A

mostly frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what motion does the upper thoracic region favor? what limits this motion?

A

favors SB but ribs limit SB
presents with more RT because of SB limitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the four variables for stabilization?

A

joint integrity i.e., cartilage, bone, capsule
passive stiffness i.e., ligaments (non contractile)
neural input –> conduction of nerves, fibers recruiting
muscle function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe local muscles
– (farther/closer) to axis of motion
– deeper/shallow
– stabilization > or < rotatory forces
– ____ muscles
– aerobic > or < anaerobic
– Type??

A

stabilizers
– closer to axis of motion
– often deeper
– stabilization > rotatory forces
– shunt muscles
– aerobic > anaerobic
– tonic/postural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe global muscles
– closer/further from axis of motion
– superficial/deep
– rotatory > or < stabilization forces
– _____ muscles
– type?
– anaerobic > or < aerobic

A

“mirror muscles”
– further from axis of motion
– often superficial
– rotatory > stabilization forces
– spurt muscles (better movers)
– phasic
– anaerobic > aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the cervical local muscles?

A

longus colli and other deep neck flexors
suboccipitals and splenius mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the thoracic local muscles?

A

rotatores and multifidus - if smaller = higher injury rates
pelvic floor and transversus abdominus - increases contraction of multifidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does pain, swelling, joint laxity and disuse in local muscles cause?

A
  • decreased and delayed motor activation and coordination (aka inhibition)
  • inhibition preferential to type I muscles
  • supply lowered which can lead to more easily overworked muscles even without doing more –> more stress on passive structures
  • local muscle atrophy and strength declines along with loss of every other muscle function
  • increased stress on non-contractile structures
19
Q

what does pain, swelling, joint laxity and disuse cause in global muscles?

A
  • increased and inefficient motor activity
  • decreased cervical proprioception and kinesthesia (position and motion sense)
  • atrophy leading to fatty infiltration >50% of muscle cross sectional area is fat (local) and >60% (global)
  • fiber transformation - type I change to type II (less able to do what the muscle is designed for)
20
Q

true or false. normal muscle activity returns spontaneously even when pain is gone

A

false
normal muscle activity doesn’t return spontaneously even when pain is gone

21
Q

what percentage of muscle activation is sufficient to keep stability and improve muscular endurance?

A

30% - it doesn’t take a lot

22
Q

what is pain phenotyping? (types of pain)

A

set of observable pain characteristics of an individual resulting from body and environment interaction
- more info for where the pain is coming from

23
Q

what is nociceptive pain phenotyping?

A

NON-nervous tissue compromise

MSK including spondylogenic (ligament, muscle)
viscerogenic - organ dysfunction, pain from it

24
Q

what is neuropathic pain phenotyping?

A

nervous tissue compromise

  • radicular
  • radiculopathy
  • peripheral - worst one. pain gets worse going down the extremity (peripheralization)
25
Q

what is nociplastic pain phenotyping?

A

altered pain perception without complete evidence of actual or threatened tissue compromise

26
Q

what is spondylogenic P! (from the spine) and is it common?

A

something in the spine may be injured
local and/or referred spinal P! from noxious stimulation of spine structures
- yes, common

27
Q

can spondylogenic P! cause visceral dysfunction?

A

No

28
Q

what are symptoms of spondylogenic P!

A

Non-segmental pain – not from a spinal nerve
rarely if any paresthesia’s
vague, deep, achy, boring P!
referred into ill-defined area that settles into a consistent location

29
Q

what are signs of spondylogenic P!

A

neuro scan WNL
can’t reproduce entire symptom pattern with motion

30
Q

describe somatic convergence or referred P!
is it common?

A

sensory afferents converge on and share same innervation
(joints innervated by muscles in that region - pain spreads through innervation)

31
Q

is there a greater referral of proximal and deep structures OR distal and superficial structures? give example in the body

A

proximal and deep structures
ex: spinal facets refer more than elbow joint

32
Q

what is viscerogenic p!

A

referred P! from an organ

33
Q

what is viscerosomatic convergence?

A

viscera and somatic (body) sensory afferents converge on and share the same innervation
* organ pain can cause muscle pain

34
Q

give an example of viscerogenic P! in the body

A

heart can refer to L shoulder, UE, neck, jaw
because ALL innervated by C4-T4 spinal nerve

35
Q

what are S&S of viscerogenic P!

A

not typically able to be mechanically reproduced
neuro scan WNL

36
Q

what is radicular P!

A

ectopic or abnormal discharge from highly inflammed spinal nerve (dorsal root)

37
Q

what are symptoms of radicular P!

A

lancing
electrical shock like P! along an extremity in a narrow 2-3 inch band

38
Q

what are signs of radicular P!

A

dermatomes, DTR, myotomes - WNL
- may be difficult to localize segment if acute/mild - takes time for hypo activity to show
+ dural mobility tests due to high inflammation
NOT common
imaging helpful for involved spinal nerve

39
Q

what is radiculopathy?

A

more persistent blocked conduction of spinal nerve due to compression or inflammation

40
Q

what are symptoms of radiculopathy?

A

segmental parethesia’s - decreased sensation of light touch (spinal nerve impaired)
- often constant and long duration
- slow progression to ill defined area due to dermatomal overlap (hangs around)

possible weakness (myotomes) - remember you need 80% conduction loss before + test (significant loss)

41
Q

what are signs of radiculopathy?

A

neuro scan + for segmental hypoactivity
imaging helpful for involved spinal nerve

42
Q

what is peripheral nerve pain phenotyping?

A

decreased conduction of nerve branch
i.e. median nerve with carpal tunnel syndrome

peripheral nerve = numbness

43
Q

what are symptoms of peripheral nerve?

A

non-segmental paresthesia
- often intermittent and short duration
- fast progression to well-defined area of numbness because of overlap of peripheral nerve (unlike spinal nerves)

possible weakness

44
Q

what are signs of peripheral nerve pain?

A

dermatomes, DTR, myotomes WNL
non-segmental hypoactivity
- decreased sensation along peripheral nerve distribution
- possible weakness of muscle innervated by peripheral nerve

+ dural mobility tests –> inflammed nerve

DPT MSK - fall 22 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions