P O I S O N Flashcards

1
Q

Post op, patient develops urinary retention, flushing, and dry mouth. Treatment?

A

Signs and symptoms consistent with anticholinergic syndrome which can be treated with physostigmine. This increases acetylcholine concentration at the sites of cholinergic neurotransmission. Preferred over neostigmine because it crosses BBB.

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2
Q

Male on antihypertensives develops bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and signs of pulm edema. Treatment>?

A

High doses of beta blockers can elicit this sx. Both glucagon and atropine can be used to treat these effects. Atropine is an anticholinergic whose effect on the heart is a decrease in vagal tone, resulting in an increased heart rate.

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3
Q

Signsand sx of ethylene glycol toxicity

A

Ataxia, hallucinations, seizures, and “sweet breath.” Chasmal respirations may be another sx as a result of severe metabolic acidosis.

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4
Q

Tx for ethylene glycol tox

A

Ethanol. It saturates alcohol dehydrogenase, allowing free ethylene glycol to be eliminated moro e readily. Dialysis is sometimes required as well.

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5
Q

Symptoms of mercury tox

A

Renal insufficiency, tremor, mental status changes, erythematous cheeks and lips, loss of hair/teeth/nails, transient rashes ,muscle weakness, and photophobia. Kidney dysfunction may also be present (leading to dx of Falcon syndrome)

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6
Q

Tx for mercury poisonin

A

Dimercaprol, a chelating agent that works by competition with endogenous sylfhydryl groups.

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7
Q

Tx of organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine and pralidoxime. Atropine works by acting as a competitive antagonist at muscuarinic cholinergic receptors, in both the CNS and PNS.

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