oxygenation-ventilation

Question 1

< 7.40 pH
> 45 CO2

what can we call this?

Answer 1

“CO2 accumulation”

Question 2

> 7.40 pH
< 45 CO2

what can we call this?

Answer 2

“alveolar hyperventilation”

Question 3

signs of CO2 accumulation?

and causes.

Answer 3

< 7.40 pH
> 45 CO2

bronchospasm V/Q mismatch
shunt OD with respiratory depression
lung injury chest wall injury

Question 4

signs of alveolar hyperventilation?

and causes.

Answer 4

> 7.40 pH
< 45 CO2

fever hypermetabolic states
heat injuries anoxia anemia
anxiety mechanical hyperventilation
early salicylate poisoning hyperthermia

Question 5

< 7.40 pH
< 22 HCO3 -

what can we call this?

Answer 5

metabolic acidosis

Question 6

> 7.40 pH
22 HCO3 -

what can we call this?

Answer 6

metabolic alkalosis

Question 7

common causes of metabolic acidosis:

Answer 7

diarrhea
DKA alcoholics hyperchloremia
lactic acidosis renal failure poisoning

Question 8

common causes of metabolic alkalosis:

Answer 8

renal loss of K+
-diuretics, steroids, aldosteronism
GI loss of Cl-
-emesis, NG suction, diamex, antacid poisoning

any loss of K+, H+, Na+

Question 9

lack of HCO3-
excess of H+

what state is this?

Answer 9

metabolic acidosis

Question 10

excess of HCO3-
lack of H+

what state is this?

Answer 10

metabolic alkalosis