Acid-Base Interpretation

Question 1

pH

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

PaCO2

Answer 2

35-45mmHg

Question 3

HCO3-

Answer 3

22-26

Question 4

bicarbonate

Answer 4

22-26

Question 5

PaO2

Answer 5

80-100

Question 6

normal values of partial pressure of Oxygen in the blood

Answer 6

80-100

Question 7

normal values of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood

Answer 7

35-45mmHg

Question 8

BE

Answer 8

-2/+2

Question 9

For every 10mmHg change in CO2, how will the pH be affected?

Answer 9

the pH will change .08 in the opposite direction

Question 10

For every 10mEq change in HCO3-, how will the pH be affected?

Answer 10

the pH will change .15 in the same direction

Question 11

For every change in pH of .10, how will the K+ be affected?

Answer 11

The K+ will change by .6 in the opposite direction

Question 12

Formula for bicarb replacement

Answer 12

.1 x weight (kg) x base deficit = mEq bicarb needed

Question 13

Tx for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 13

reduce GI suctioning, treat with K+, Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, Acetazolamide 500mg IV

Question 14

What does Base Excess represent?

Answer 14

Negative number represents deficit of base, positive number is excess of base

Question 15

BE is accounted for by….

Answer 15

Strong and weak acids

Question 16

When accounting for BE, what is normal difference between Na+ and Cl-?

Answer 16

38

Question 17

Anion Gap is filled by what 8 factors?

Answer 17

Lactate, Ketones, Toxic Alcohols, ethylene glycol, methanol, propylene glycol, lithium, mannitol

Question 18

Anion Gap is measurement between what and what?

Answer 18

Cations and Anions

Question 19

What is the formula and normal range for the uncorrected anion gap?

Answer 19

[Na - (Cl + HCO3)] 9-12

Question 20

How do you most accurately calculate the anion gap? What is the normal range?

Answer 20

[Na - (Cl + HCO3) + K+] 16-20

Question 21

The following values would indicate respiratory failure and the need to intubate the patient:

Answer 21

pH 7.2, CO2 >55, PaO2 <60

Question 22

Why is acidosis more common than alkalosis?

Answer 22

Because several acids are generated by normal cellular activities. (684)

Question 23

What is the relationship between the partial pressure of CO2 and pH?

Answer 23

More PCO2, lower pH. They are inversely related. (684)

Question 24

What happens to the hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions when the concentration of carbon dioxide rises? What happens to the pH?

Answer 24

When carbon dioxide rises, additional hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are released and the pH goes down. (684)

Question 25

The organic/metabolic acid that is created from the anaerobic metabolism of pyruvic acid is…

Answer 25

lactic acid (684)

Question 26

The organic/metabolic acid that is created from the breakdown of fatty acids is….

Answer 26

ketones (684)

Question 27

What is a buffer system defined as?

Answer 27

weak acid and its dissociation products: a hydrogen ion and an anion. (685)

Question 28

How does the rise of PCO2 affect the smooth muscles in the walls of arterioles in the area?

Answer 28

The rise of PCO2 causes the smooth muscles to relax which causes increased blood flow. (573)

Question 29

How is airflow directed to the lobules in which the PCO2 is high?

Answer 29

When PCO2 increases, the bronchioles dilate and when the PCO2 decreases, the bronchioles will constrict. (573)

Question 30

When the PO2 is low, the precapillary sphincters in the alveolar capillary beds constrict which causes increased blood flow to what section of the capillary bed?

Answer 30

The pulmonary lobules in which the PO2 are relatively high. (573)