Acid-Base Interpretation Flashcards
pH
7.35-7.45
PaCO2
35-45mmHg
HCO3-
22-26
bicarbonate
22-26
PaO2
80-100
normal values of partial pressure of Oxygen in the blood
80-100
normal values of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood
35-45mmHg
BE
-2/+2
For every 10mmHg change in CO2, how will the pH be affected?
the pH will change .08 in the opposite direction
For every 10mEq change in HCO3-, how will the pH be affected?
the pH will change .15 in the same direction
For every change in pH of .10, how will the K+ be affected?
The K+ will change by .6 in the opposite direction
Formula for bicarb replacement
.1 x weight (kg) x base deficit = mEq bicarb needed
Tx for metabolic alkalosis
reduce GI suctioning, treat with K+, Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, Acetazolamide 500mg IV
What does Base Excess represent?
Negative number represents deficit of base, positive number is excess of base
BE is accounted for by….
Strong and weak acids
When accounting for BE, what is normal difference between Na+ and Cl-?
38
Anion Gap is filled by what 8 factors?
Lactate, Ketones, Toxic Alcohols, ethylene glycol, methanol, propylene glycol, lithium, mannitol
Anion Gap is measurement between what and what?
Cations and Anions
What is the formula and normal range for the uncorrected anion gap?
[Na - (Cl + HCO3)] 9-12
How do you most accurately calculate the anion gap? What is the normal range?
[Na - (Cl + HCO3) + K+] 16-20
The following values would indicate respiratory failure and the need to intubate the patient:
pH 7.2, CO2 >55, PaO2 <60
Why is acidosis more common than alkalosis?
Because several acids are generated by normal cellular activities. (684)
What is the relationship between the partial pressure of CO2 and pH?
More PCO2, lower pH. They are inversely related. (684)
What happens to the hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions when the concentration of carbon dioxide rises? What happens to the pH?
When carbon dioxide rises, additional hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are released and the pH goes down. (684)
The organic/metabolic acid that is created from the anaerobic metabolism of pyruvic acid is…
lactic acid (684)
The organic/metabolic acid that is created from the breakdown of fatty acids is….
ketones (684)
What is a buffer system defined as?
weak acid and its dissociation products: a hydrogen ion and an anion. (685)
How does the rise of PCO2 affect the smooth muscles in the walls of arterioles in the area?
The rise of PCO2 causes the smooth muscles to relax which causes increased blood flow. (573)
How is airflow directed to the lobules in which the PCO2 is high?
When PCO2 increases, the bronchioles dilate and when the PCO2 decreases, the bronchioles will constrict. (573)
When the PO2 is low, the precapillary sphincters in the alveolar capillary beds constrict which causes increased blood flow to what section of the capillary bed?
The pulmonary lobules in which the PO2 are relatively high. (573)
