Ch. 11 Environmental/Toxicology

Question 1

What component of the brain controls thermoregulation? And through what two processes?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus. And via heat conservation and production.

Question 2

In what two systems are the effects of hypothermia significant?

Answer 2

cardiovascular and CNS

Question 3

What are four effects that hypothermia can have on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

1) bradycardia;
2) decrease in MAP & CO;
3) Osborne (J) waves
4) Atrial/Ventricular arrhythmias (asystole&V-fib)

Question 4

What are four effects that hypothermia can have on the CNS system?

Answer 4

1) decreasing metabolism
2) <33 C -abnormal electrical activity
3) 19-20 C -EEG may show brain death
4) issues after rewarming has started

Question 5

Mild hypothermia range and symptoms (7)

Answer 5

32-35 C
vigorous shivering, altered judgment, dysarthria, increased respiratory rate, ataxia/apathy as temp decreases, tachypnea/tachycardia, cold diuresis

Question 6

Moderate hypothermia range and symptoms (7)

Answer 6

28-32 C
O2 consumption decreases. further CNS depression, stupor may occur, loss of shivering, arrhythmia risk increases, bradycardia worsens (CO reduces), dilation of pupils

Question 7

Severe hypothermia range and symptoms (7)

Answer 7

<28 C
susceptible to V-fib, further decrease in myocardial contractility, comatose, pulmonary edema, oliguria, hypotension, descreased/absent activity on EEG

Question 8

Four methods of heat transfer are…

Answer 8

conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation

Question 9

Converting liquid to gas for heat transfer

Answer 9

evaporation

Question 10

heat transfer by electromagnetic waves

Answer 10

radiation

Question 11

heat transferred through air and water vapor molecules around the body

Answer 11

convection

Question 12

direct physical contact transferring heat from warmer object to cooler object

Answer 12

conduction

Question 13

Malignant Hyperthermia pathophysiology

Answer 13

Calcium is released into muscle fibers causing sustained contraction due to the rapid depolarization

Question 14

Malignant Hyperthermia causes: (3)

Answer 14

muscle rigidity, excessive heat production, hypermetabolic state increasing temp

Question 15

What sort of medication causes Malignant Hyperthermia?

Answer 15

Succinylcholine

Question 16

What two issues could Malignant Hyperthermia present in regards to airway?

Answer 16

It may prevent mouth opening and limit airway control

Question 17

Malignant Hyperthermia Signs/symptoms: (8)

Answer 17

trismus
increased ETCO2
tachycardia
hypertension
mixed acidosis 
rhabdomyolysis
hyperthermia 
truncal or extremity rigidity