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Health Assessment Vocab > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Costal Angle

A

the curvature of the body of a rib

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2
Q

Costal Margin

A

the lower edge of the chest formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage

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3
Q

Costovertebral angle (CVA)

A

angle formed on either side of the human back between the twelfth rib and the vertebral column

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4
Q

Anterior Axillary Line

A

a coronal line on the anterior torso marked by the anterior axillary line

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5
Q

Midaxillary Line

A

a coronal line on the torso between the anterior axillary line and the posterior axillary line

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6
Q

Posterior Axillary Line

A

coronal line on the posterior torso marked by the posterior axillary fold

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7
Q

Scapular Line

A

a vertical line passing through the inferior angle of the scapula (eval of brachial plexus birth palsy)

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8
Q

Midspinal Line

A

runs in the midline overlying the spinous processes of the entire vertebral column from occiput to the coccyx

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9
Q

Adventitious

A

abnormal breath sounds heard over the lungs

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10
Q

Alveoli

A

small air sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange

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11
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease

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12
Q

Aortic Regurgitation

A

the diastolic flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle; regurgitation is due to incompetence of the aortic valve or any disturbance of the valvular apparatus resulting in the diastolic flow of blood into the ventricular chamber

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13
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A

a disease of the heart valve in which the aortic valve is narrowed

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14
Q

Aortic Valve

A

valve located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta, the largest artery in the body, which carries the entries output of blood to the systemic circulation

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15
Q

Apical Impulse

A

the heartbeat as heard with a stethoscope placed on the chest wall adjacent to the apex cordi

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16
Q

Apnea

A

absence of breathing

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17
Q

Atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs

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18
Q

Base of the Heart

A

formed mainly by the left atrium and to a lesser extent by the posterior part of the right atrium, directed backward and to the right, and separated from the vertebral column by the esophagus and aorta

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19
Q

Biot’s Respiration

A

abrupt and irregularly alternating periods of apnea with period of breathing that are consistent in rate and depth, often the result of increased intracranial pressure

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20
Q

Bronchial Breath Sounds

A

those heard over the trachea; high in pitch and intensity, with expiration being longer than inspiration

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21
Q

Bronchodilator

A

medication that relaxes contractions of smooth muscles of the bronchioles

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22
Q

Bronchophony

A

the abronormal transmission of sounds from the lungs or bronchi

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23
Q

Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds

A

normal breath sounds heard over the upper anterior chest and intercostal area

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24
Q

Cilia

A

microscopic hair-like projections that propel mucus toward the upper airway so that it can be expectorated

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25
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations

A

gradual increase and then gradual decrease in depth of respirations followed by a period of apnea

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26
Q

Consolidation

A

the process of becoming or the condition ofbeing solid; said especially of the lung as it fills with exudate in pneumonia

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27
Q

Cor Pulomale

A

an alteration in the structure and function of the right ventricle caused by a primary disorder of the respiratory system

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28
Q

Crackles

A

fine-crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs

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29
Q

Crepitation

A

a crackling sound made in breathing by a person with an inflamed lung, detected using a stehoscope

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30
Q

Diffusion

A

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

31
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing

32
Q

Egophony

A

an increased resonance of sounds heard when ausculating the lungs, often caused by lung consolidation and fibrosis

33
Q

Endotracheal Tube

A

polyvinyl-chloride airway that is inserted through the nose or the mouth into the trachea, using a laryngoscope as a guide

34
Q

Erb’s Point

A

the third intercostal space on the left sternal boarder where S2 is best ausculated

35
Q

Fremitus

A

vibration of the chest wall that can be palpated during the physical examination

36
Q

Hemothorax

A

blood that develops in the pleural space

37
Q

Hyperpnea

A

abnormal increase in depth and rate of respiration

38
Q

Hyperventilation

A

condition in which there is more than the normal amount of air entering and leaving lungs

39
Q

Hypoventilation

A

decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

40
Q

Hypoxemia

A

deficient oxygenation of blood

41
Q

Hypoxia

A

inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells

42
Q

Kussmaul Respirations

A

an extreme rate and depth of breathing

43
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

an abnormal reversal of blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium caused by a disruption in any part of the mitral valve apparatus

44
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

a condition in which the heart’s mitral valve is narrow (stenotic). This abnormal valve doesn’t open properly, blocking blood flow coming into your left ventricle, the main pumping chamber of your heart. Rheumatic fever is a main cause

45
Q

Mitral Valve

A

the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, consisting of two tapered cusps

46
Q

Murmur

A

an atypical sound of the heart typically indicating a functional or structural abnormality

47
Q

Nasal Cannula

A

disposable, plastic device that delivers oxygen via two protruding prongs for insertion into the nostrils

48
Q

Nebulizer

A

instrument that disperses fine particles of medication into the deeper passages of the respiratory tract where absorption occurs

49
Q

Orthopnea

A

type of dyspnes in which breathing is easier when the patient sits or stands

50
Q

Palpitation

A

method of examining by feeling a part with the fingers or hand

51
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)

A

attacks of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night

52
Q

Perfusion

A

process by which oxygenated blood passes through body tissues

53
Q

Pericardial Friction Rub

A

an audible medical sign used in the diagnosis of pericarditis. Upon ausculation, this sign is an extra heart sound of to-and-fro chapter, typically with three components, one systolic and two diastolic

54
Q

Platypnea

A

shortness of breath that is relieved when lying down, and worsens when sitting or standing up. The opposite of orthopnea

55
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

fluid in the pleural space

56
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural space

57
Q

Precordium

A

anterior surface of the chest wall overlaying the heart and its related structures

58
Q

Pulmonic Valve

A

the semilunar valve of the hear that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps

59
Q

Spirometer

A

instrument used to measure lung capacities and volumes; one type is used to encourage deep breathing (incentive spirometry)

60
Q

Sputum

A

respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing the throat

61
Q

Surfactant

A

detergent-like phospholipid that reduces surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli

62
Q

Syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness caused by fall in blood pressure

63
Q

Tachypnea

A

rapid rate of breathing

64
Q

Thoracentesis

A

aspiration of fluid or air from the pleural space

65
Q

Thrill

A

abronmal tremor accompanying a vascular or cardiac murmur felt on palpation

66
Q

Tracheostomy

A

artificial opening made into the trachea through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted

67
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

first valve blood encounters in the heart, it stands between the right atrium and the right ventricle and it allows blood to flow only from the atrium into the ventricle

68
Q

Vesicular Breath Sounds

A

normal sounds of respirations heard on auscultation over peripheral lung sounds

69
Q

Wheeze

A

continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages

70
Q

Heart Sounds - S1

A

sound heard at the beginning of systole, end of diastole, and is related to the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

71
Q

Heart Sounds - S2

A

occurs at the beginning of diastole, and is related to the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

72
Q

Heart Sounds - S3

A

occurs when there is increased atrial pressure leading to increased flow rates, occurs when there is congestive heart failure, or less commonly, when there is valvular regurgitation and left to right shunts

73
Q

Heart Sounds - S4

A

occurs just after atrial contraction “atrial kick” at the end of diastole and immediately before S1. This is seen in patients with stiffened left ventricles, resulting from conditions such as hypertension, aortic stenosis, ischemic or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In patient with mitral regurgitation, suggestive of acute onset of regurgitation due to the rupture of the chorda tendinae that anchor the Valvular leaflets.

Health Assessment Vocab (15 decks)

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