Musculoskeletal System Assessment

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

The action of bending or the condition of being bent, especially the bending of a limb or joint

Question 2

Extension

Answer 2

The act of bringing the distal portion of a joint in continuity (although only parallel) with the long axis of the proximal portion.

Question 3

Abduction

Answer 3

Movement of a body part away from the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits)

Question 4

Pronation

Answer 4

The condition of being prone; the act of assuming or of being placed in a prone position; a specific rotational motion of the forearm that moves the palm into a downfacing position, a specific rotational motion of the foot in which the plantar surface is rotated outward.

Question 5

Supination

Answer 5

The condition of being supine; the act of assuming or of being placed in a supine position; rotation of the forearm such that the palm of the hand faces anteriorly to the anatomic position; rotation of the foot such that the plantar surface of rotated upward.

Question 6

Adduction

Answer 6

Movement of a body part toward the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits)

Question 7

Circumduction

Answer 7

Movement of a part, an extremity, in a circular direction

Question 8

Inversion

Answer 8

A turning inward, upside down, or in any direction contrary to the existing one

Question 9

Eversion

Answer 9

A turning outward, as of the eyelid or foot

Question 10

External Rotation

Answer 10

Rotation away from the center of the body

Question 11

Internal Rotation

Answer 11

Rotation towards the center of the body

Question 12

Crepitation

Answer 12

Crackling; the quality of a fine bubbling sound (rale) that resembles noise heard on rubbing hair between the fingers; The sensation felt on placing the hand over the seat of a fracture when the broken ends of the bone are moved, or over tissue, in which gas gangrene is present; Noise or vibration produced by rubbing bone or irregular degenerated cartilage surfaces together as in arthritis and other conditions

Question 13

Scoliosis

Answer 13

Abnormal lateral and rotational curvature of the vertebral column. Depending on the etiology, there may be one curve, or primary and secondary compensatory curves; scoliosis may be “fixed” as a result of muscle and/or bone deformity or “mobile” as a result of unequal muscle contraction

Question 14

Myalgia

Answer 14

Muscular pain

Question 15

Phalen’s test

Answer 15

Your doctor taps on the inside of your wrist over the median nerve. If you feel tingling, numbness, “pins and needles,” or a mild “electrical shock” sensation in your hand when tapped on the wrist, you may have carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 16

Tinel’s Sign

Answer 16

You hold your arms out in front of you and then flex your wrists, letting your hands hang down for about 60 seconds. If you feel tingling, numbness, or pain in the fingers within 60 seconds, you may have carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 17

Lordosis

Answer 17

An anteriorly convex curvature of the vertebral column; the normal lordoses of the cervical and lumbar regions are secondary curvatures of the vertebral column, acquired postnatally.

Question 18

Kyphosis

Answer 18

An anteriorly concave curvature of the vertebral column; the normal kyphoses of the thoracic and sacral regions are retained portions of the primary curvature (kyphosis) of the vertebral column;A forward (flexion) curvature of the spine; the thoracic spine normally has a mild kyphosis; excessive forward curvature of the thoracic spine may indicate a pathologic condition.

Question 19

Functional Assessment

Answer 19

an objective review of an individual’s mobility, transfer skills, and ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING, including self care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion, and communication. It is used to establish a baseline, to predict REHABILITATION outcomes, to evaluate therapeutic interventions, and for standardizing communication for RESEARCH purposes.

Question 20

Sentinel Event

Answer 20

an adverse event in health care delivery or other service, which either leads to or has potential to lead to catastrophic outcomes (near miss), thereby often mandating initiation of emergency intervention or of preventive measures

Question 21

Atrophy

Answer 21

A wasting of tissues, organs, or the entire body, as from death and reabsorption of cells, diminished cellular proliferation, decreased cellular volume, pressure, ischemia, malnutrition, lessened function, or hormonal changes

Question 22

Contractures

Answer 22

a condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints

Question 23

Dangling

Answer 23

A popular term for the first movement a patient is allowed, either after surgery under general anesthesia, or ‘under local’, in which the recuperee allows the feet to dangle over the side of the bed

Question 24

Foot Drop

Answer 24

a general term for difficulty lifting the front part of the foot. Foot drop is a sign of an underlying neurological, muscular or anatomical problem

Question 25

Isokinetic Exercise

Answer 25

Exercise consisting of muscular contraction against constant resistance throughout the entire range of motion.

Question 26

Isometric Exercise

Answer 26

Exercise consisting of muscular contractions without movement of the involved parts of the body.

Question 27

Isotonic Exercise

Answer 27

Exercise when a contracting muscle shortens against a constant load, as when lifting a weight