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2 > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Orthopnea

A

SOB only while laying flat

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2
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Excess CO2 in blood (common inCOPD)

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3
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood

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4
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue/grey skin, lips, eyes, nails

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5
Q

Anoxia

A

No O2 in a tissue

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6
Q

Dyspnea

A

SOB

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7
Q

Apnea

A

No breathing

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8
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low O2 in tissues

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9
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low o2 in blood

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10
Q

Ischemia

A

Low blood flow

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11
Q

Oxygenation vs ventilation

A

Ox: gas exchange in alveoli
V: flow of breath in and out

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12
Q

Retractions

A

Chest sinks when inhaling
Intercostal
Under neck
Under ribs

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13
Q

How does co2 move from blood to alveoli?

A

Carried as bicarbonate in blood, then turns to carbonic acid at alveoli, turns to H2o and co2

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14
Q

How does breathing get signaled?

A

ANS: brain senses co2 levels in blood, sends signal to diaphragm

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15
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed alveoli

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16
Q

Adult respiratory rate

A

12-20/min

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17
Q

Lung compliance

A

The ease that the lungs can be inflated

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18
Q

Why would breathing stop?
What intervention?

A

Neurological dis function (spinal chord injury, overdose)
1. Semi-fowlers
2. Bag mask

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19
Q

What resp. rate would you use a bag mask?

A

6-8/min maybe if o2 low
0-5/min yes

20
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast breathing

21
Q

When to give o2?

A

<90
90-95 watch carefully

22
Q

ABG

A

Arterial blood gas
-tells o2 and co2 in blood
-tells oxygenation and ventilation
-Invasive

23
Q

Respiratory: Non-modifiable risk factors

A

Air pollution (SDOH)
Allergies
…

24
Q

Respiratory: Modifiable risk factors

A

Chronic diseases
Overdose
Seizure, stroke
Injury
Intubation
Alcohol/smoking

25
Q

What causes wheezing?

A

Narrow LOWER airways

26
Q

What causes stridor? Characteristics?

A

Narrow UPPER airway (trachea)

Usually in children
Always looks distressed
Can hear w/out stethoscope, during inhalation

27
Q

1 & #2 resp. red-flag

A
  1. Apnea!
  2. Stridor sounds (ABC)
28
Q

What causes crackles?

A

Fluid in the lungs

29
Q

Bronchiovesicular breath sounds

A

Normal!

30
Q

What causes grunting in newborns?

A

Straining to pop alveoli open

31
Q

Nasal flaring

A

Babies trying to open airways (obligate nose breathers)

32
Q

Respiratory: #1 & #2 diagnostic tests

A
  1. Chest x-ray
  2. ABG - shows both oxygenation & ventilation
33
Q

Resp. radiology tests

A

Chest x-ray
CT- clot
VQ scan - clot (ventilation & perfusion in lungs)
PET - cell activity (gas exchange), often for cancer

34
Q

Sputum exam

A

Finds right antibiotic
Too invasive for pneumonia

35
Q

Clinical Managment pst

A

Prevention
Screening
Treatment

36
Q

What education can patients receive?

A

Incentive spirometry (for shallow breaths)
Pursed-lip breathing (alveoli trapped air)
Cough and deep breaths (increases surfactant)
Only if stable

37
Q

What 02 sat matches to intervention?

A

95+ document/monitor
90-95 intense assessment
85-90 nasal cannula 2-6L
80-85 venturi mask 4-6/ simple 8-12L
<80 non-rebreather 10-15L

38
Q

What can happen if non-rebreather is <10L?

A

Will re breathe their own co2

39
Q

When to use humidified o2?

A

Kids
>6L adults (won’t be tested in this) except when using nasal cannula

40
Q

Newborn resp. rate

A

30-60/min

41
Q

Orientation level aspects

A

Person
Place
Time
Event

42
Q

Saturation probe

A

Same as pulse oximeter

43
Q

Effects of old age on resp?

A

Lower alveoli SA
Low immune system
Weaker muscles
Stiff chest wall & less elastic recoil

44
Q

What device should use use to give 16L+ o2?

A

High-flow nasal cannula (~20-60L)

45
Q

What are the 2 airway sounds/signs that show an upper airway concern?

A

Nasal flaring & Stridor

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