Cognition

Question 1

Difference between accommodation and assimilation

Answer 1

When new info…

Accommodation: challenges existing schemas
Assimilation: strengthens existing schemas

Question 2

Polypharmacy

Answer 2

Regular use of 5+ medications

Question 3

Cognition: Top 2 Red-Flags

Answer 3

1. Glasglow: 3-10
2. Elderly with ALOC

Question 4

Frontal lobe

Answer 4

Executive function

Voluntary movement

Question 5

Parietal lobe

Answer 5

Processes touch & combines all senses

Question 6

Temporal lobe

Answer 6

Processes auditory info

Memory, emotions, language

Question 7

Occipital lobe

Answer 7

Processes visual info

Question 8

Cognition: Risk factors

Answer 8

Drugs/alcohol
Physical trauma
Aging
Chronic diseases
Heart or developmental defects

Question 9

Cognition: Top 3 Red-Flags for infants

Answer 9

1. Inconsolable
2. Lethargy
3. Opp behavior than normal

Question 10

At what Glasglow score should the patient be intubated?

Answer 10

8 = intubate
9-10 watch carefully

Question 11

Characteristics of Piaget’s stage: Sensorimotor

Answer 11

Birth - 2yrs
Learn thru feeling/touch/taste
Develop object permanence

Question 12

Characteristics of Piaget’s stage: Preoperational

Answer 12

2 - 7yrs
Learn thru play & by doing things on their own
Start learning right vs wrong

Question 13

Characteristics of Piaget’s stage: Concrete-operational

Answer 13

7-11yrs
Learn problem solving/reasoning, working together (school)
Know right vs wrong

Question 14

Characteristics of Piaget’s stage: Formal operational

Answer 14

Adolescents
Deductive reasoning & abstract thinking

Question 15

What are some signs of ALOC that’s not included in the Glasgow coma scale?

Answer 15

Anxiety/Restlessness
Difficulty concentrating
Sluggish or fixed pupils

Question 16

What are the top 3 ways to prevent ALOC?

Answer 16

Diet
Exercise
No drug use

Question 17

Interventions for ALOC

Answer 17

1. Protect airway w/ NPO (8 = intubate)
2. Fall precautions

Reduce polypharmacy
Continue to reorient
Provide consistent routines
Let them make decisions as often as possible

Question 18

What are elderly patients w/ALOC at risk for?

Answer 18

Forgetting to eat/drink
If immobile or forget to get up: skin breakage & lower respiratory effort

Question 19

If an elderly patient arrives at the hospital with an ALOC, what is the first possible cause you should think of?

Answer 19

Bacterial infection

Question 20

What are some unusual causes of ALOC?

Answer 20

Infection
Kidney or liver failure (waste products)
Hypoglycemia (quickly causes ALOC)
Seizures (acidic)
Hypoxia
Dehydration

Question 21

How does a ALOC test differ on an elderly patient?

Answer 21

They feel less pain.
They think slower (myelin sheath erodes).