Cancer Flashcards
List CAUTION OF Cancer symptoms
Change in bowel/bladder
A sore that doesn’t heal
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening or a lump
Indigestion, nausea, vomiting
Obvious change to warts/moles
Nagging cough
Ongoing weight loss
Fatigue
Disorders are caused by mutations in what 3 parts of the cell?
Phospholipid bilayer
Integral protein
Peripheral protein
What is produced at the end of mitosis?
2 identical somatic cells w/23 chromosome pairs each
What is produced at the end of meiosis?
Males: 4 different sperm w/23 unpaired chromosomes
Females: 1 ovum
What tissue types do (adult/kid) cancers arose form?
Adult: epithelium (carcinomas)
Kids: connective, muscle, nervous
Hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Lots of cells.
Abnormal cells.
How do malignant cells differ from benign cells by look, growth rate & mode, and metastasis?
Look: undifferentiated and look like surrounding cells.
Rate: the more undifferentiated, the more rapid the growth
Grows by: invasion (not expansion)
Metastasis: spreads through blood/lymph to other areas
Angiogenesis
The formation of new blood vessels, to increase blood supply to tumors
Differences between X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasounds?
X: 2D
CT: 3D
MRI: most-detailed
Ultrasounds: shows veins & arteries
The higher the grade & stage of the cancer…
… the worst the disease is.
Prohylactic
Prevents disease
Antineoplastic drugs
Drugs that kill cancer cells (and healthy cells!) in chemotherapy
Pancytopenia
All 3:
Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
What are the top two worries for patients undergoing radiation or chemotherapy?
Infection
Bleeding
Antiemetic
Drugs that relieve vomiting and nausea
