Oxygen Transport Flashcards
Bi-concave
Greater surface area for diffusion
Internal structure
Allows flexibility in capillaries (spectrin)
Fe
Used by bone stored in liver
Bilirubin
Conjugated excreted in bile
Globin
Recycled
Hemoglobin
Two alpha chains
Two beta chains
Each protein chain holds one iron containing heme group
Oxygen binds to the heme group
Erythropoietin
Lets bone marrow know we need more RBCS
Erythropoiesis: process of making RBCs
Decreased blood oxygen Tissue hypoxia Kidneys secrete erythropoietin Bone marrow stimulated creates new red blood cells.
Where does erythropoiesis take place in adults
Sternum, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis
Bone marrow creates new red blood cells: may release
Immature RBCs,
Reticulocytes (RBCs that still have their endoplasmic reticulum)
Mature RBCs
Red Blood Cells circulating
Cell membranes become wakened.
No nuclei, cannot make new membrane components.
Eventually RBCs break as they squeeze through the capillaries
120 days
Most RBCs are processed where
Spleen
Process of RBCs being processed
Break in capillaries of the spleen
Engulfed by white blood cells in the spleen (liver, bone marrow, or lymph nodes)
Hemoglobin processed into bilirubin
Processing of bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin is toxic
Liver connects it to glucuronide
Conjugated bilirubin is excerpted in the bile
When Hemolysis occurs in the vascular space.
Break in capillaries outside the spleen
Hemoglobin released into the blood
Hemoglobinemia
Hemoglobinuria
Causes of anemia
Maturation defect
Deficient RBC production
Blood loss
Iron deficiency anemia
Dietary deficiency
Megaloblastic anemias (increase in MCV)
Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency Pernicious anemia Malabsorption Replace: IV better than PO Neurological Deficits
Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency
Needed for RBC production
Pernicious anemia
Intrinsic factor form parietal cells of stomach
Malabsorption
Surgical, dietary (ETOH) neoplasm, inflammation, H. Pylori infection, acid blocking drugs
Poikilocytosis
Irregular shape
Anisocytosis
Irregular size
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Megablastic anemia: big oval shape
Erythrocytes are large often with oval shape
Poikilocytosis and teardrop shapes
Neutrophils are hypersegmented
Aplastic anemia
Abnormal stem cells: fatty replacement of bone marrow
Radiation, chemicals, toxins
Bone marrow tx
Chronic disease anemias
Most common
Chronic inflammation: lack of resourced
Chronic renal failure
Blood loss-bleeding
Internal or external loss
Hemolysis
Excessive destruction of RBCs
Hemoglobinopathies
Sickle cell disease
Thalassemia
Thalassemia
Defect of a of b chains in HgB