Oxygen Transport

Question 1

Bi-concave

Answer 1

Greater surface area for diffusion

Question 2

Internal structure

Answer 2

Allows flexibility in capillaries (spectrin)

Question 3

Fe

Answer 3

Used by bone stored in liver

Question 4

Bilirubin

Answer 4

Conjugated excreted in bile

Question 5

Globin

Answer 5

Recycled

Question 6

Hemoglobin

Answer 6

Two alpha chains
Two beta chains
Each protein chain holds one iron containing heme group
Oxygen binds to the heme group

Question 7

Erythropoietin

Answer 7

Lets bone marrow know we need more RBCS

Question 8

Erythropoiesis: process of making RBCs

Answer 8

Decreased blood oxygen
Tissue hypoxia
Kidneys secrete erythropoietin 
Bone marrow stimulated 
creates new red blood cells.

Question 9

Where does erythropoiesis take place in adults

Answer 9

Sternum, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis

Question 10

Bone marrow creates new red blood cells: may release

Answer 10

Immature RBCs,
Reticulocytes (RBCs that still have their endoplasmic reticulum)
Mature RBCs

Question 11

Red Blood Cells circulating

Answer 11

Cell membranes become wakened.
No nuclei, cannot make new membrane components.
Eventually RBCs break as they squeeze through the capillaries
120 days

Question 12

Most RBCs are processed where

Answer 12

Spleen

Question 13

Process of RBCs being processed

Answer 13

Break in capillaries of the spleen
Engulfed by white blood cells in the spleen (liver, bone marrow, or lymph nodes)
Hemoglobin processed into bilirubin

Question 14

Processing of bilirubin

Answer 14

Unconjugated bilirubin is toxic
Liver connects it to glucuronide
Conjugated bilirubin is excerpted in the bile

Question 15

When Hemolysis occurs in the vascular space.

Answer 15

Break in capillaries outside the spleen
Hemoglobin released into the blood
Hemoglobinemia
Hemoglobinuria

Question 16

Causes of anemia

Answer 16

Maturation defect
Deficient RBC production
Blood loss

Question 17

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 17

Dietary deficiency

Question 18

Megaloblastic anemias (increase in MCV)

Answer 18

Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency 
Pernicious anemia 
Malabsorption
Replace: IV better than PO 
Neurological Deficits

Question 19

Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency

Answer 19

Needed for RBC production

Question 20

Pernicious anemia

Answer 20

Intrinsic factor form parietal cells of stomach

Question 21

Malabsorption

Answer 21

Surgical, dietary (ETOH) neoplasm, inflammation, H. Pylori infection, acid blocking drugs

Question 22

Poikilocytosis

Answer 22

Irregular shape

Question 23

Anisocytosis

Answer 23

Irregular size

Question 24

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 24

Megablastic anemia: big oval shape
Erythrocytes are large often with oval shape
Poikilocytosis and teardrop shapes
Neutrophils are hypersegmented

Question 25

Aplastic anemia

Answer 25

Abnormal stem cells: fatty replacement of bone marrow
Radiation, chemicals, toxins
Bone marrow tx

Question 26

Chronic disease anemias

Answer 26

Most common
Chronic inflammation: lack of resourced
Chronic renal failure

Question 27

Blood loss-bleeding

Answer 27

Internal or external loss

Question 28

Hemolysis

Answer 28

Excessive destruction of RBCs

Question 29

Hemoglobinopathies

Answer 29

Sickle cell disease

Thalassemia

Question 30

Thalassemia

Answer 30

Defect of a of b chains in HgB