Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Acid Base Balance

Answer 1

Metabolic processes require a normal range of acid-base balance.
The Balance is reflected by the pH of the blood
Ph is determined by the ratio of acids and bases in the blood
20:1
HCO3- + H2 = H2CO3= CO2 & H20

Question 2

3 buffer systems

Answer 2

Proteins-albumin, globulins
K+ buffer
Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 3

1. Proteins- albumin, globulins

Answer 3

Change structure to take on or release H+

Question 4

2. K+ Buffer

Answer 4

Exchanges for H+ to reduce acidity

Question 5

3. Bicarbonate Buffer system

Answer 5

Volatile asides- excreted by the lungs
Non volatile acids- excreted by the kidneys
Lungs: Fast and efficient
*Release CO2 in acidotic states and Retain CO2 in alkaline states
Kidney: Slow and efficient
*excretes H+ and regenerates or excretes HCO3- prn

Question 6

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 6

Excess CO2 level
Ineffective respiration
Low level of consciousness and aren’t breathing well

Question 7

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 7

Decreased CO2 level
Excessive respiration
Excitable, breathing in a bag

Question 8

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 8

Increased levels acid (H+) and/or decreased bicarbonate levels
Excessive metabolic activity or renal failure.
Trauma, disease, physically

Question 9

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 9

Decreased H+ levels and/or increased bicarbonate levels
Metabolic loss of acids, and/or gain of alkalinity
Drug overdoses, vomiting.

Question 10

Normal values

Answer 10

PH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26

Question 11

Acidosis

Answer 11

Low ph

Question 12

Alkalosis

Answer 12

High ph

Question 13

Respiratory

Answer 13

PaCO2 change

Question 14

Metabolic

Answer 14

HCO3 change

Question 15

Respiratory Acidosis cause:

Answer 15

Hypoventilation due to respiratory depression, decreased chest expansion, airway obstruction, decreased alveolar- capillary exchange

Question 16

Respiratory Acidosis signs and symptoms:

Answer 16

CNS depression, blurred vision, vertigo headache, tachycardia, cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 17

Respiratory Acidosis Compensation:

Answer 17

Lungs increase rate and depth of breathing, kidneys eliminate H+ and retain HCO3

Question 18

Respiratory Alkalosis Cause

Answer 18

Hyperventilation, fever, anxieties, prolonged sobbing, hypoxemia, salicylate overdose.

Question 19

Respiratory Alkalosis Signs and symptoms:

Answer 19

CNS Irritability, lightheaded, parasthesias, cardiac dysrhythmias.

Question 20

Respiratory Alkalosis Compensation:

Answer 20

Kidneys hold onto H+ and excrete more HCO3 (slow process) foment not needed

Question 21

Metabolic Acidosis Cause

Answer 21

Acid accumulation (DKA, renal failure, starvation, alcoholism, infection, burns, shock) or loss of bicarbonate (diarrhea, vomiting)

Question 22

Metabolic Acidosis Signs and symptoms

Answer 22

CNS depression, headache, abdominal pain, cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 23

Metabolic Acidosis Compensation

Answer 23

Lungs excrete more CO2 (Kussmaul) kidneys conserve HCO3

Question 24

Metabolic Alkalosis Cause

Answer 24

Accumulations of bicarbonate ingesting OTC bicarbonate product, massive transfusion with citrates blood. Loss of Acid: Emesis, gastric suction

Question 25

Metabolic Alkalosis Signs and Symptoms

Answer 25

CNS irritability, cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 26

Metabolic Alkalosis Compensation

Answer 26

Lungs remain more CO2 (resp depression) kidneys excrete HCO3

Question 27

Compensation

Answer 27

Either respiratory or metabolic system becomes abnormal
The opposite system tries to compensate for the abnormality:
* The opposite system moves beyond its normal range to pull the other system back towards normal
Compensation occurs when pH returns to normal