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Pathophysiology > Disorders Of White Blood Cells > Flashcards

Disorders Of White Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils/Mast

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2
Q

Neutrophils

A

Primary pathogen-fighting

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3
Q

Eosinophils

A

Help control allergic responses; fight parasites

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4
Q

Basophils/Mast

A

Release heparin, histamine, and inflammatory mediators

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5
Q

Monocytes/macrophages

A

Antigen-presenting cells, phagocytes, create inflammatory mediators, healing.

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6
Q

Lymphocytes

A

B cell, T cells, Natural Killer cells

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7
Q

B cells

A

Plasma cells, memory cells

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8
Q

T cells

A

Control immune response; cell-mediated immunity

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9
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Kill antigenic cells

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10
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increased WBCs

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11
Q

Leukopenia

A

Absolute decrease in wbc (all WBC)

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12
Q

Neutropenia

A

Agranulocytosis <200 cells/ul. Neutrophils in particular

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13
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Decrease in all bone marrow cells

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14
Q

Etiology

A

Infection, chemo drugs, radiation, splenomegaly, antibiotics, antipsychotic agents, genetic

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15
Q

Treatment of WBC production disorders

A

Underlying problem
Hematopoietic drugs ( increase activity of bone marrow)
– Human granulocyte colony stimulating factor

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16
Q

Neoplasticism disorders of blood cells

A

Lymphomas, Leukemias, Plasma cell dycrasias.

17
Q

Lymphomas

A

Hodgkin, Non-Hodgkin

18
Q

Leukemias

A

Acute, Chronic

19
Q

Plasma cell Dyscrasia’s

A

Multiple myeloma

Dyscrasia: abnormal condition of the blood

20
Q

Lymphomas: Hodgkin

A 
Reed stern berg cells (Malignant B cells)
*50% have EBV in RS cells 
Arises in a single node
Progressive invasion of lymphoid tissue 
Eventual invasion of all tissue
Treatment: chemotherapy and radiation.
21
Q

Lymphomas: Non-Hodgkin

A

Associated with Virus, immunosuppressive, EBV, H pylori.
*B, T, NK cell- proliferation of abnormal cells
*Arise in lymph tissue
*More common and aggressive
Treatment: Chemotherapy and radiation:
Good response to treatment- high growth rate.

22
Q

Leukemia (In bone marrow)

A

Diffuse replacement of bone marrow with unregulated, proliferate, abnormal cells.
44,000 new cases, 27,000 deaths in 2011
Disruption of genes that control normal blood cell development
Genetic and environmental factors: chemotherapy or other cancers
Fatigue, weight loss, nose bleeds, pallor, bone pain, infections.

23
Q

Acute Leukemia

A

Abnormal proliferation of immature blast cells

24
Q

Chronic Leukemia

A

Abnormal proliferation of well defined cells

25
Q

Myelogenous Leukemia

A

Myeloid stem cells

Granulocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes.

26
Q

Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

Immature lymphocytes

27
Q

Plasma cell Dyscrasia

A

Etiology: Autoimmune, radiation, pesticides, herbicides
Associated with chromosomal translocation
Several types
Most common is multiple myeloma
Older men > women
Treatment: Autoimmune, radiation, toxins, agent orange, genetic factors HIV.

28
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Abnormal B cell proliferation: creates antibodies

In the blood or In the marrow

29
Q

Multiple Myeloma in the Blood

A

Abnormal immune components
-M-proteins (80%)
-Bence Jones proteins (renal failure)
Hyper viscosity

30
Q

Multiple Myeloma In the marrow

A

Osteolytic bone lesions- weakening of the bone

Increased osteoclast activity- breaks down bone

31
Q

Increased Osteoclasts (Multiple Myeloma)

A

Increased bone destruction

Hyercalcemia

32
Q

Normal levels of antibodies are decreased (Multiple Myeloma)

A

Infections

33
Q

Plasmacytomas (Multiple Myeloma)

A

Plasma cell tumors (gi)

34
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis (MONO)

A

EBV in saliva (85%)
Affects B cells: kill or take over
* Heterophil antibodies (diagnostic)
CD8 and NK cells keep the number of heterophil producing cells to a minimum
Goes dormant but remains in the body
Immunosuppressed people can shed the virus

35
Q

Monodnuclosis

A 
4-8 weeks 
Prodromal fever and pharyngitis 
*anorexia, malaise, chills
Fever pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy 
Hepatitis, splenomegaly
Supportive treatment: nutrition and rest

Pathophysiology (5 decks)

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