Disorders Of White Blood Cells

Question 1

Granulocytes

Answer 1

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils/Mast

Question 2

Neutrophils

Answer 2

Primary pathogen-fighting

Question 3

Eosinophils

Answer 3

Help control allergic responses; fight parasites

Question 4

Basophils/Mast

Answer 4

Release heparin, histamine, and inflammatory mediators

Question 5

Monocytes/macrophages

Answer 5

Antigen-presenting cells, phagocytes, create inflammatory mediators, healing.

Question 6

Lymphocytes

Answer 6

B cell, T cells, Natural Killer cells

Question 7

B cells

Answer 7

Plasma cells, memory cells

Question 8

T cells

Answer 8

Control immune response; cell-mediated immunity

Question 9

Natural killer cells

Answer 9

Kill antigenic cells

Question 10

Leukocytosis

Answer 10

Increased WBCs

Question 11

Leukopenia

Answer 11

Absolute decrease in wbc (all WBC)

Question 12

Neutropenia

Answer 12

Agranulocytosis <200 cells/ul. Neutrophils in particular

Question 13

Aplastic anemia

Answer 13

Decrease in all bone marrow cells

Question 14

Etiology

Answer 14

Infection, chemo drugs, radiation, splenomegaly, antibiotics, antipsychotic agents, genetic

Question 15

Treatment of WBC production disorders

Answer 15

Underlying problem
Hematopoietic drugs ( increase activity of bone marrow)
– Human granulocyte colony stimulating factor

Question 16

Neoplasticism disorders of blood cells

Answer 16

Lymphomas, Leukemias, Plasma cell dycrasias.

Question 17

Lymphomas

Answer 17

Hodgkin, Non-Hodgkin

Question 18

Leukemias

Answer 18

Acute, Chronic

Question 19

Plasma cell Dyscrasia’s

Answer 19

Multiple myeloma

Dyscrasia: abnormal condition of the blood

Question 20

Lymphomas: Hodgkin

Answer 20

Reed stern berg cells (Malignant B cells)
*50% have EBV in RS cells 
Arises in a single node
Progressive invasion of lymphoid tissue 
Eventual invasion of all tissue
Treatment: chemotherapy and radiation.

Question 21

Lymphomas: Non-Hodgkin

Answer 21

Associated with Virus, immunosuppressive, EBV, H pylori.
*B, T, NK cell- proliferation of abnormal cells
*Arise in lymph tissue
*More common and aggressive
Treatment: Chemotherapy and radiation:
Good response to treatment- high growth rate.

Question 22

Leukemia (In bone marrow)

Answer 22

Diffuse replacement of bone marrow with unregulated, proliferate, abnormal cells.
44,000 new cases, 27,000 deaths in 2011
Disruption of genes that control normal blood cell development
Genetic and environmental factors: chemotherapy or other cancers
Fatigue, weight loss, nose bleeds, pallor, bone pain, infections.

Question 23

Acute Leukemia

Answer 23

Abnormal proliferation of immature blast cells

Question 24

Chronic Leukemia

Answer 24

Abnormal proliferation of well defined cells

Question 25

Myelogenous Leukemia

Answer 25

Myeloid stem cells | Granulocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes.

Question 26

Lymphocytic Leukemia

Answer 26

Immature lymphocytes

Question 27

Plasma cell Dyscrasia

Answer 27

Etiology: Autoimmune, radiation, pesticides, herbicides Associated with chromosomal translocation Several types Most common is multiple myeloma Older men > women Treatment: Autoimmune, radiation, toxins, agent orange, genetic factors HIV.

Question 28

Multiple Myeloma

Answer 28

Abnormal B cell proliferation: creates antibodies | In the blood or In the marrow

Question 29

Multiple Myeloma in the Blood

Answer 29

Abnormal immune components -M-proteins (80%) -Bence Jones proteins (renal failure) Hyper viscosity

Question 30

Multiple Myeloma In the marrow

Answer 30

Osteolytic bone lesions- weakening of the bone | Increased osteoclast activity- breaks down bone

Question 31

Increased Osteoclasts (Multiple Myeloma)

Answer 31

Increased bone destruction | Hyercalcemia

Question 32

Normal levels of antibodies are decreased (Multiple Myeloma)

Answer 32

Infections

Question 33

Plasmacytomas (Multiple Myeloma)

Answer 33

Plasma cell tumors (gi)

Question 34

Infectious Mononucleosis (MONO)

Answer 34

EBV in saliva (85%) Affects B cells: kill or take over * Heterophil antibodies (diagnostic) CD8 and NK cells keep the number of heterophil producing cells to a minimum Goes dormant but remains in the body Immunosuppressed people can shed the virus

Question 35

Monodnuclosis

Answer 35

``` 4-8 weeks Prodromal fever and pharyngitis *anorexia, malaise, chills Fever pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy Hepatitis, splenomegaly Supportive treatment: nutrition and rest ```