Oxygen Availability Flashcards
Which kind of ATP production is the most efficient and sustainable?
Aerobic
Parts of the cardiovascular system that deliver oxygen
Heart, vascular system, blood (plasma, RBC, WBC)
Cardiac output formula
CO = Stroke volume * heart rate (beats/min)
=liters/min
Stroke volume formula
SV = liters/beat
Cardiovascular changes with exercise
- SV doesn’t change much
- HR is main cause for increase in cardiac output
- SV can actually decrease in extreme exercise
- At steady sub maximal speed, HR stays steady until fatigue
Heart rate
- can be a good indicator of total effort
- can be affected by excitement, stress pain
- can be a good indicator of pain
Parts of the vascular system:
-arteries and veins; blood supply to muscles can increase with training
Total blood volume equation
TBV = plasma + blood cells
- some oxygen can be dissolved in plasma
- most oxygen is carried by RBC
- hemoglobin has affinity for O2
What is scenic contraction?
- regulated process
- RBC in spleen are released during exercise
- can increase oxygen carrying capacity by 50% or more
- humans cannot do this
Oxygen delivery is increased during exercise by: 2 reasons
- increased cardiac output (heart rate)
2. increased oxygen carrying capacity (splenic contraction)
Minute volume formula
MV = Tidal volume * respiration rate
=liters/minute
Tidal volume formula
TV = volume/breath
Respiration rate
RR = respiration/minute
Upper & lower airway and lungs
upper: nose breathers
lower: oxygen into blood, CO2 out
Respiration rate is linked to stride rate at gallop/canter, is this good?
- respiration rate = stride length
- efficient because less muscles used
- limiting because breathing goes with stride, can only breathe so fast or slow
