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ASC 410 > Joints & Diseases Exam 2 > Flashcards

Joints & Diseases Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of synovial membrane

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2
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of joint

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3
Q

Capsulitis

A

Inflammation of joint capsule

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4
Q

What is septic arthritis

A

Infection of a joint

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5
Q

How is septic arthritis onset?

A
  1. Trauma: joint is punctured; bacterial infection
  2. Joint surgery/injections; contamination
  3. Foals: Joint “ill”, septic joint

Need antibiotics or permanent damage can result

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6
Q

Types of non-infectious arthritis

A
  1. Traumatic arthritis/ osteoarthritis (OA)/ Degenerative joint disease (DJD)
  2. Progressive deterioration of joint: structures including articular cartilage
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7
Q

Osteoarthritis (1. inflammation of synovial membrane)

A
  • Results from: trauma/hard work

- Swelling, increase in synovial fluid, less viscous

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8
Q

What compound is released in the joint to cause inflammation

A

Prostaglandins
Enzymes
Cytokines

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9
Q

Anti-inflammatory product use/function

A
  • increased blood flow

- attract white blood cells

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10
Q

Potential negative effects of anti-inflammatory products

A
  1. Break down proteoglycans in articular cartilage
  2. Break down in collagen matrix
  3. Articular cartilage loses some normal consistency
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11
Q

Osteoarthritis (2. With progress/continued inflammation)

A
  • increase damage to cartilage and other joint structures
    1. Articular cartilage, grooved when pitted
    2. Synovial fluid viscosity decreases
    3. Joint space decreases
    4. Joint friction increases, more inflammation
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12
Q

Osteoarthritis (3. Longterm)

A
  • Erosion of cartilage through 4 layers, down to subchrondral bone
  • Joint capsule thickens
  • Result = reduced joint friction
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13
Q

Osteoarthritis (4. Most serious)

A
  • Joint surfaces bridge (bone proliferated
  • Ankylosing
  • No motion, but pain may decrease
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14
Q

What is Ankylosing arthritis?

A

Bones fuse together

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15
Q

Treatments of Osteoarthritis

A
  1. Rest/change in work
  2. Control inflammation
    - cold
    - Anti-inflammatory drugs
  3. Improve joint function
    - physical therapy
    - medications
  4. cartilage repair
    - not much to work with
    - stem cells? growth factors? Cartilage grafts?
    - Better to think about prevention
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16
Q

Osteoarthritis commonly affected joints

A

Hock; fetlock; knees; pastern; stifle; coffin

17
Q

Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories

A

Steroidal: systemic or intra-articular

Non-steroidal: NSAIDS; buts, banamine (systemic)

18
Q

Side effects of anti-inflammatories

A

GI ulcers

19
Q

Coricosteroids & side effects

A

Potent anti-inflammatories

Side effects: immune suppressive; increased risk of laminitis

20
Q

Intra-articular anti-inflammatory

A
  • Injection
  • Corticosteroids
  • Less risk of laminitis
  • Can use smaller dosage
  • Still an immunosuppressive in joint
  • Some may/may not decrease cartilage health
21
Q

Medications to improve joint function

A
  1. Increase synovial fluid viscosity
    - Hyaluronan (hyoluronic acid HA)
    - Intra-articular (injectable)
    - Systemic (injectable)
  2. Increase cartilage health
    - HA… some effect
    - Polysulfated glycoseaminoglycans (PSGAGs; component of cartilage matrix); increase cartilage matrix; decrease inflammatory response
22
Q

Bog Spavin

A
  • Hock
  • Soft swelling in dorsal joint capsule
  • May be due to trauma to capsule or underlying joint damage
  • Could be because of something minor or major
23
Q

Bone Spavin

A
  • Hock
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Usually lower hock joint
  • “Boxy” hocks
24
Q

Joint injuries of the hock

A
  • Bog spavin

- Bone spavin

25
Q

Carpitis

A
  • Knee
  • May start out as synovitis/capsulitis
  • May progress to osteoarthritis
  • Usually on dorsal aspect of carpus
26
Q

“Green osslets” “Osslets”

A
  • Fetlock
  • Initially synovitis or capsulitis of fetlock
  • May progress to osteoarthritis
  • May include periostitis at junction of joint capsule and MC3 and P1

ASC 410 (17 decks)

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