FINAL EXAM: Diseases of the Foal Flashcards
1
Q
Neonatal Septicemia nickname
A
Septic foal
2
Q
Neonatal Septicemia cause
A
Bacteria or bacterial toxins in the blood (oftentimes E coli)
3
Q
How is Neonatal septicemia introduced to the blood?
A
- Ingestion before gut closure
- Umbilical cord
- Laceration
- In utero: especially if mare has placentitis
- lungs
4
Q
Risk factors for Neonatal septicemia
A
- *failure of passive transfer (FPT)
- small, weak, premature foal
- born in dirty environment
- unvaccinated mare (mare with placentitis)
5
Q
Signs of neonatal septicemia
A
- fever
- pneumonia
- lethargic
- diarrhea
- decrease nursing activity
- swollen joints (septic arthritis): “joint ill” “naval ill”
- swollen inflamed umbilicus
6
Q
Treatment of neonatal septicemia
A
- systemic antibiotics and fluids
- flush joints with antibiotics
- NSAIDs
7
Q
Prognosis of neonatal septicemia
A
- severity and recognition important
- 30-70% mortality
- Largest cause of death
8
Q
Non-infectious diarrhea
A
- no pathogen involved
- “foal heat diarrhea”: about time mares have post-partum estrus
- if severe, foal can become dehydrated
9
Q
Infectious diarrhea
A
Bacteria: -salmonella -clostridia -rhodococcus equi Viral: Rotavirus (contagious)
10
Q
Treatment for infectious diarrhea
A
- fluids
- antibiotics
- enteric drugs (GI protection, bind toxins/organisms)
11
Q
Prognosis on diarrhea
A
Good
- depends on reason (infectious or non)
- depends when caught
- could be sign of septicemia
- NSAIDs can upset GI tract more
12
Q
Gastric ulcers cause
A
- usually occur secondary to other disease, treatment, or other event
- NSAIDs increase risk
13
Q
Signs of gastric ulcers
A
- decrease nursing
- lethargy
- colicy
- teeth grinding
- increase water intake
14
Q
Treatment of gastric ulcers
A
anti-ulcer meds (gastro guard)
15
Q
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)
A
- immune medicated anemia
- relatively rare (
