Oxygen Appliances Flashcards
nasal cannula
High flow or low flow?
low flow
nasal cannula
what is the flow (L/min)?
Adults - 1/4-6 L/min
Infants- < 2L/min
nasal cannula
FiO2 range? FiO2 stability?
22%-44%
variable
nasal cannula
advantages?
use on adults, children, infants; easy to use; disposable
nasal cannula
disadvantages?
unstable, easily dislodged, high flow is uncomfortable
nasal cannula
best use?
patient who is stable condition who need low FiO2, home care patient who needs long-term therapy, low to moderate FiO2 while eating
nasal cannula
% of FiO2 per L/min?
1 l/m-24% 2 l/m- 28% 3 l/m- 32% 4 l/m- 36% 5 l/m- 40% 6 l/m- 44%
nasal catheter
low flow or high flow?
low flow
nasal catheter
what is the flow (L/min)
1/4 - 5 L/m
nasal catheter
What is the FiO2 range? FiO2 stability?
22%-45%
variable
nasal catheter
advantage?
use on adults, children, infants, good stability, disposable
nasal catheter
disadvantages?
difficult to insert, high flow increase back pressure, needs regular changing
nasal catheter
best use?
procedures in which cannula is difficult to use (bronchoscopy)
transtracheal catheter
flow rate? (l/min)
1/4-4 L/min
transtracheal catheter
what is the FiO2 range? FiO2 stability?
22%-35%
variable
transtracheal catheter
advantages?
lower O2 use and cost, eliminates nasal and skin irritation; improved compliance
transtracheal catheter
disadvantages?
High cost, surgical complications, infection, mucous plugging
transtracheal catheter
best use?
home care or ambulatory patients who need increased mobility or do not accept nasal O2
reservoir cannula
what kind of system?
reservoir system
reservoir cannula
flow? (L/min)
1/4-4 L/m
reservoir cannula
FiO2 range? FiO2 stabilty?
22%-35%
variable
reservoir cannula
advantages?
lower O2 use and cost, increased mobility, less discomfort
reservoir cannula
disavtanges?
unattractive, cumbersome poor compliance, must be regularly replaced
reservoir cannula
best use?
home care or ambulatory patients who need increased mobility
simple mask
Flow? (L/min)
5-10 L/min
simple mask
FiO2 range? stability?
35%-50%
variable
simple mask
why type of system?
reservior
simple mask
advantages?
use on adults, children, infants; quick easy to apply; disposable
simple mask
disvantages?
uncomfortable, must be removed for eating, prevents radiant heat loss
simple mask
best use?
emergencies, short-term therapy requiring moderate FiO2 mouth breathing patients
Partial rebreathing mask
what type of system?
reservoir
Partial rebreathing mask
Flow? (L/min)
minimum of 10 L/min (prevent bag collapse on inspiration
Partial rebreathing mask
FiO2 range? FiO2 stabilty?
40%-70%
variable
Partial rebreathing mask
advantages?
use on adults, children, infants; moderate to high FiO2
Partial rebreathing mask
disadvantages?
uncomfortable, must be removed to eat, potential suffocation hazard
Partial rebreathing mask
best use?
emergencies; short-term therapy requiring moderate to high FiO2
nonrebreathing mask
what kind of system?
reservoir
nonrebreathing mask
flow?
minimum of 10 L/min (prevent bag collapse on inspiration)
nonrebreathing mask
FiO2 range? stability?
60%-80%
variable
nonrebreathing mask
advantages?
use on adults, children and infants; high FiO2
nonrebreathing mask
disadvantages?
uncomfortable, must be removed for eating; potential suffocation hazard
nonrebreathing mask
best use?
emergencies; short-term therapy requiring high FiO2
air-entrainment nebulizer
what kind of system?
high flow
air-entrainment nebulizer
flow?
10-15 L/min input; should provide output flow of at least 60 L/min
air-entrainment nebulizer
FiO2 range? FiO2 stability?
28%-100%
fixed
air-entrainment nebulizer
advantages?
provides temperature control and extra humidification
air-entrainment nebulizer
disadvantages?
FiO2 < 0.28 or >0.40 not ensured; FiO2 varies with back pressure; high infection risk
air-entrainment nebulizer
best use?
patients with artificial airways who need low to moderate FiO2
AEM (air-entrainment mask)
what kind of system?
high flow
AEM (air-entrainment mask)
flow?
varies, should provide ouput >60 L/min
AEM (air-entrainment mask)
FiO2 range? FiO2 stability?
24%-50%
fixed
AEM (air-entrainment mask)
advantages?
easy to apply, disposable, inexpensive
AEM (air-entrainment mask)
disadvantages?
limited to adult use, uncomfortable, noisy; must be removed for eating
AEM (air-entrainment mask)
best use?
patients in unstable conditions who need precise low FiO2
AEM (air-entrainment mask)
is you don’t know the air to oxygen ratio, what equation can you use to figure that number out?
100% / FiO2 / FiO2 -21
Blending system
what type of system?
high flow
Blending system
flow?
should provide output flow of at least 60 L/min
Blending system
FiO2 range? stability?
21%-100%
fixed
Blending system
advantages
full range of FiO2
Blending system
disadvantages
requires 50 psi air/O2; blender failure or inaccuracy common
Blending system
best use?
patients with high VE (patient output) who need high FiO2
High-Flow nasal cannula system
Flow?
up to 50 L/min, or more (depending on system)
High-Flow nasal cannula system
FiO2 range? FiO2 stability?
35%-100%
generally fixed; depending on system input flow and patient breathing pattern
High-Flow nasal cannula system
advantages?
wide range of FiO2 and relative/absolute humidity; use on adults; children and infants
High-Flow nasal cannula system
disadvantages
FiO2 is often ensured but depends on system, input flow, and patient breathing pattern, infection risk
High-Flow nasal cannula system
best use?
patients of all ages with high or variable VE (patient output) who need supplemental O2, positive pressure and humidity
Tent
what kind of system?
enclosure
Tent
flow?
12-15 L/min
Tent
FiO2 range and stabilty?
40%-50%
variable
Tent
advantages
provides concurrent aerosol therapy
Tent
disadvantages
expensive, cumbersome, unstable FiO2 (leaks)
Tent
best use?
toddlers or small children need low to moderate FiO2 and aerosol, patients with facial trauma
