Chapter 40 Worksheet - Aerosol Drug Therapy Flashcards
why is particle size so important in aerosol therapy
the ability of aerosols on travel through the air, enter the airways, and deposit in the lung is largely based on particle
particles between 5 and 10 microns tend to deposit in what part of the respiratory tract
deposit in the upper and large airways
In what part of the lung would you like to deliver bronchodilator drugs? What particle size is needed to accomplish this goal?
A. in the lower airways
B. particles 1 to 5 microns in size
Name the hazards of aerosol drug therapy?
a) the primary hazard of aerosol drug therapy is an adverse
b) infection
c) airway reactivity
d) systemic effects of bland aerosols
e) drug concentration changes during nebulization
f) eye irritation
g) secondhand exposure to aerosol drug
What group (s) of patients is most prone to harm from bland aerosols?
Bland aerosols may cause bronchospasm in patients with preexisting respiratory disease
Eye irritation or drug reactions are most likely to occur under what circumstances?
when you use a face mask
What could happen to a therapist who inhales bronchodilator exhaust from nebulizers?
occupational asthma
what is meant by priming the MDI
activating a wasted dose to fill the metering chamber; used for new inhalers and those that have not been used for > 4 to 6 hours; old dose may have evaporated
what propellant was used in most MDI’s and why was it a problem? What new propellant is safer for patients and the environment?
A. CFCs are a problem because they may cause adverse reactions in patients and have adverse environmental effects
B. the safer choice for a propellant is HFA
what percentage of the drug in an MDI is actually deposited in the lung? Why is there so much variability?
About 10% to 20%; it varies because patient mastery of MDI technique varies significantly
what is the optimal open mouth MDI delivery in order
- warm and shake the canister
- take off the cap
- actuate the canister (prime)
- hold the MDI two fingers from mouth
- breathe out normally
- actuate canister (dose)
- slowly inhale as deeply as you can
- hold your breath for up to 10 seconds
- wait 60 seconds
what is the difference between a spacer and a holding chamber? Does it matter?
A. a spacer is a simple valveless extension device that reduces oropharyngeal deposition and improves particle size. Holding chambers incorporate a valve to prevent the chamber from being cleared on exhalation
B. Holding chambers improve delivery to patients with small tidal volumes. Holding chambers improve delivery over simple spacers
what is DPI? What’s the big deal?
A. it is a breath-activated dosing system that patents prefer for ease of use.
B. The drug is in a powder form that the patient aerosolizes with inspiratory flow
how does DPI breathing technique differ from that recommended with an MDI
for DPI, inhalation must be RAPID to generate sufficient flow to aerosolize the dry powder. With MDI the key is a slow, deep inspiration
what patient cannot use DPIs
children under 4 and patients unable to generate high air flow. They also may not work as well in high humidity environments
