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Chemistry > Oxides, oxygen and water > Flashcards

Oxides, oxygen and water Flashcards

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1
Q

What % does nitrogen form in the atmosphere?

A

78%

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2
Q

What % does oxygen form in the atmosphere?

A

21%

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3
Q

What % does argon form in the atmosphere?

A

0.9

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4
Q

What % does carbon dioxide form in the atmosphere?

A

0.04%

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5
Q

What fraction does nitrogen form in the atmosphere?

A

approx. 4/5

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6
Q

What fraction does oxygen form in the atmosphere?

A

approx. 1/5

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7
Q

What % of water vapour can there be in air?

A

0%-4%

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8
Q

Describe the experiment to measure the % of O2 in the air using iron wool? (4)

A

1) Place iron wool at the bottom of a test tube and turn in upside down
2) But it into a beaker with water
3) Mark the water level in the test tube with a rubber band
4) Leave for several days

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9
Q

What will happen to the water level in the iron wool experiment?

A

It will rise, as the oxygen is being used up, therefore the water gets sucked into the test tube

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10
Q

What is the chemical equation for a iron wool experiment?

A

4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3

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11
Q

Describe the experiment to measure the % of O2 in the air using gas syringes? (3)

A

1) Place copper in a central part
2) Connect gas syringes from both sides
3) Make sure it is air tight

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12
Q

Describe how to carry out the experiment with gas syringes (2)

A

1) The copper is heated using a bunsen burner

2) The air is pushed backwards and forwards across the gas syringes

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13
Q

How much air does the apparatus contain in the gas syringe experiment?

A

100 cm3

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14
Q

What is going to happen to copper in the gas syringe experiment?

A

Copper oxide is going to be formed

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15
Q

What is the equation in the gas syringe experiment?

A

2Cu + O2 → 2CuO

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16
Q

When the reaction is completed in the gas syringe experiment how much gas will be left?

A

approx. 79cm3

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17
Q

What is the formula of hydrogen peroxide?

A

H2O2

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18
Q

How to prepare oxygen in a lab?

A

Made from hydrogen peroxide using manganese oxide as a catalyst

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19
Q

Write an equation of production of oxygen in a lab with state symbols

A

2H2O2(aq) using manganese (IV) oxide → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

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20
Q

Why happens to the catalyst? Where is it written in an equation?

A

It doesn’t react, therefore it is written above the arrow

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21
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Glowing splint relights in it

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22
Q

Are metal oxides soluble in water

A

Insoluble apart from group one metals

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23
Q

What is produced when metal oxides dissolve in water?

A

Alkali solution

24
Q

Describe the solubility of Magnesium oxide in water

A

Slightly soluble

25
Q

What happens to most non-metal oxides when they are mixed with water?

A

They produce acidic solutions

26
Q

Write an equation between water and sulphur dioxide

A

H2O+SO2 → H2SO3

27
Q

What happens when carbon dioxide dissolves in water? Formula

A

It forms carbonic acid H2CO3

28
Q

What pH does rain water have?

A

5.6 pH (slightly acidic)

29
Q

Give an equation explaining the acidity of rain water

A

CO2+H2O → H2CO3

30
Q

What acid is usually in an acid rain? +Formula

A

Sulphuric acid H2SO4

31
Q

An acid rain is caused when… (2)(+ what acid are they going to form)

A

water and oxygen in the atmosphere react with:

1) Sulphur dioxide - sulphuric acid
2) Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) - nitric acid

32
Q

Where do SO2 and NOx mainly come from? (3)

A

1) Power stations
2) Factories burning fossil fuels
3) Motor vehicles

33
Q

What are the effects of the acid rain? (3)

A

1) Reacts with metal and limestone - destroys the buildings and statues
2) Waxy layer of the leaves of trees and make it more difficult for trees to absorb minerals
3) Makes rivers to go acidic, hard for aquatic life to survive

34
Q

Why acidic water is such a problem for aquatic life?

A

It decreases the % of oxygen the water can absorb

35
Q

List ways human uses carbon dioxide (4)

A

1) Fizzy drinks
2) Fire extinguishers
3) Supercritical fluid extraction
4) Dry ice - stage smoke

36
Q

Explain how does a fire extinguisher, which uses CO2 work?

A

CO2 is denser than air and it creates a blanket over the fire. The fire eventually will burn all of O2 and produces CO2, which speeds up the process

37
Q

What is supercritical fluid extraction used for?

A

Used to decaffeinate coffee

38
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

The rise of temperature the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy from the sun

39
Q

List the greenhouse gasses (3)

A

1) Water vapour
2) CO2
3) Methane

40
Q

What will happen without the greenhouse gases

A

The average Earth’s temperature would be 60C colder

41
Q

List ways the emission of SO2 and NOx could be decreased (3)

A

1) Scrubbing (cleaning) the gasses
2) Remove sulphur from fuels
3) Catalyst converter

42
Q

How does scrubbing help to decrease the emissions from the factories?

A

Cleans the gasses from power stations and factories to remove SO2 and NOx

43
Q

How to prepare CO2 in a lab

A

Made from dilute hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate

44
Q

In what product is calcium carbonate present in a lab?

A

Marble chips

45
Q

Write the equation of preparing CO2 in a lab

A

2HCL + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + CO2 +H2O

46
Q

Test for carbon dioxide

A

Limewater turns from clear to milky

47
Q

What is limewater

A

Calcium hydroxide solution

48
Q

List properties of CO2 (5)

A

1) Colourless
2) Odourless
3) Gas at rtp
4) Dense than air
5) Slightly soluble in water

49
Q

Write the equation of combustion of hydrogen

A

2H2 + O2→ 2H2O

50
Q

What form will water be in (combustion of hydrogen)

A

Initially as water vapour

51
Q

Test for hydrogen

A

Place a lighted splint at the mouth of a test tube and there will be a squeaky pop

52
Q

Test for water

A

White anhydrous copper (II) sulphate will go blue in the presence of water

53
Q

Equation for test for water

A

CuSO4 + 5H2O → CuSO4.5H20

54
Q

Anhydrous

A

Without water

55
Q

What is the problem of the test for water?

A

It doesn’t show that the water is pure

56
Q

What is the test for the purity of water?

A

Boils at 100C and freezes at 0C

Chemistry (10 decks)

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