Equilibrium reactions Flashcards
Dynamic equilibrium
Both forward and backward reactions taking place at exactly the same rate
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?
If a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the reaction moves to counter the change
Ways of disturbing a dynamic equilibrium? (4)
Change: 1) Pressure 2) Concentration 3) Temperature
4) Add a catalyst
A(g) + 2B(g) \eq C(g) + D(g)
What will happen if the concentration of A is increased? Why?
Equilibrium shifts forwards to remove A by producing more C and D
A(g) + 2B(g) \eq C(g) + D(g)
What will happen if the pressure is increased? Why?
Equilibrium shifts forwards to decrease the overall pressure
+ΔH A(g) + 2B(g) \eq C(g) + D(g) -ΔH
What will happen if the temperature is increased? Why?
Equilibrium shifts backwards to reduce the overall temperature as the reaction is endothermic in that direction.
Equation with state symbols for Haber Process
N2(g) + 3H2(g) \eq 2NH3(g)
Which end of the reaction is exothermic?
Forwards
What temp is used for the reaction?
450C
What pressure is used for the reaction?
200 atm
What catalyst is used for production of ammonia?
Iron
What is the process of production of ammonia also knows as?
Haber Process
What compromise is made for temp?
Low temp would favor forward direction, however if the temp is low the reaction will take too long
What compromise is made for pressure?
Forward reaction would be favored by a high pressure, however a higher pressure would be dangerous and cost more
What compromise is made for the use of catalyst?
Catalyst speeds up the reaction in both ways, so doesn’t affect equilibrium, however without a catalyst the reaction would take too long
