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Large animal nursing > Ovine > Flashcards

Ovine Flashcards

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1
Q

Immature ovine is

A

Lamb

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2
Q

Mature ovine is

A

Mutton

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3
Q

How big do the ovine have to be before shipping

A
  • Lambs finished on same farm
    before shipping
  • 80 lbs = ethnic market
  • 135 lbs = conventional market
  • Artificial lighting and hormones to
    have three lamb crops a year
    https://www.flickr.com/photos/farmsanctuary1/2163671112
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4
Q

Wool on lambs

A
  • Warm, durable, waterproof
  • Yarn, clothing
  • Carpet, furniture filler
  • Fleece = one sheep
  • Clip = many sheep
  • Breeds specific for wool
    https://www.flickr.com/photos/amanderson/18630821898
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5
Q

Dairy production for ovine

A
  • Richer in fat and protein than goat or
    cow milk
  • Ideal for cheese
  • A milking “season”
  • Do not cycle year round like cattle
  • Lambs weaned shortly after birth or
    left with ewe
  • Milk frozen for later use
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6
Q

General behaviour of ovine

A
  • Strong flocking instincts
  • Flight and freeze rather than fight
  • NEVER house in isolation
  • In sight of others
  • Pictures of sheep
  • Mirror
  • Ewes and rams can be aggressive
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7
Q

Ideal environment for sheep

A

Tolerant of many climates
Shelter and feed in winter
Shorn and shade in summer

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8
Q

Pregnancy toxemia in sheep

A

Energy dense feed in late term pregnancy

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9
Q

Copper in ovine

A

Copper sensitive
Do NOT allow access to cattle salt/mineral licks
Liver will absorb as much copper as possible and then show neurological signs and die

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10
Q

Water and ovine

A

Water most important nutrient
Monitor surface water (sulphate, algae blooms)
Never snow alone

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11
Q

Transportation laws for ovine

A

Established by CFIA
Same regulations as cattle
36 hours without feed and water
Unload 8 hours with access to feed and water

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12
Q

What type of day breeders are sheep

A

Naturally fecund (highly fertile)
Selected for reproduction
Short day breeders
Come into estrus in fall

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13
Q

Traits of reproductive sheep

A

Easy lambers
Maternal instinct
Multiple conception
Sperm quality
Libido

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14
Q

Rams need to be what before breeding

A

Proven Pedigree, sound limbs and feet, twin, libido, semen quality
Breeding soundness exam
Libido influenced by season

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15
Q

Secondary characteristics of rams

A

Well developed musculature, thick neck, enlarged head, deep vocalization
Fibroelastic penis
Unpredictable
Do NOT allow imprinting of ram lambs

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16
Q

Estrous in ewes last

A

17 days

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17
Q

Estrus in ewes last

A

30 hours
Do not demonstrate “heat”
Only a ram can detect estrus in a ewe
“Gomer” rams

18
Q

What type of breeders are ovine

A

Short duration breeders
After courtship, ram mounts ew, obtains erection just prior to intomission, ejaculates into vagina
Will breed many times in a day

19
Q

Natural breeding in ewes

A

Ram: ewe ratio= 1:50 in 35 days

20
Q

AI in ewes

A

Common in purebred herds
Access to superior genetics
Rams easily trained to mount dummy
Ewes estrus synced with hormones and light deprivation
Estrus detected by gomer rams
Intracervical of laparoscopic insemination

21
Q

Average gestation of a lamb

A

147 days

22
Q

What type of placenta and maternal antibodies do sheep have

A

Cotyledonary placentation
Minimal transfer of maternal antibodies to fetus
Twin conception desirable
Freemartin effect uncommon

23
Q

Parturition in ewe

A

Similar progression of stages as cattle
Dystocia relatively common
“Ring womb” - incompletely dilated cervix
C-section

24
Q

Issues during the neonate period of lambs

A

Mismothering
Ewe does not bond with lamb
Lambing jugs
Monitor for hungry lambs
Lambs must consume adequate colostrum
5% bodyweight first 6 hours of life
8 ounces for averaged sized lamb
20% of lambs die in first two weeks without intervention

25
Q

What causes 20% of lambs to die in the first two weeks

A

Mismothering
Hypothermia
Omphalophlebitis
Pneumonia
Diarrhea

26
Q

Identification used for sheep

A

Dangle tags
RFID tags
Clips
Canadian sheep identification program (CSIP)

27
Q

Handling and safety with sheep

A

Low stress handling
NEVER grab by wool
Bruising
NEVER chase prolonged periods
Capture myopathy
Herding dogs only if sheep familiar
Will bond and follow handler

28
Q

Restraint used on sheep

A

Raceways
Many sheep
Tipping
Individual sheep

29
Q

Routine invasive procedures in sheep

A

Castration
Rubber ring, burdizzo, surgical
Tail docking
Hot iron, rubber ring
Past tail fold
Artificial insemination
Surgical
Crutching
Prevent fly strike
Shearing
Stressful

30
Q

How to do the physical exam on sheep

A

Start at the head and work around
Cardio
Gastro
Mucous membrane
FAMACHA score
Digital pulses
Temp
Feces and urine
Udder

31
Q

FAMACHA score of 1

A

Colour is pink
PCV over or equal to 28
No treatment needed

32
Q

FAMACHA score of 2

A

Red-pink
PCV 23-27
Treatment not needed

33
Q

FAMACHA score of 3

A

Pink
PCV 18-22
Treatment might be needed

34
Q

FAMACHA score of 4

A

Pink-white
PCV of 13-17
Treatment needed

35
Q

FAMACHA score of 5

A

White
PCV under or equal to 12
Treatment definitely needed

36
Q

How to maintain good health of herd

A

Maintain closed herd
Biosecurity, quarantine
Abortion
Many infectious causes
Vaccination
Tailored to each flock
Parasitism
Anthelmintic resistance
Haemonchus contortus
“Barber Pole worm”
Strategic deworming
FAMACHA score
Maintain refugia

37
Q

Predation of sheep can be stopped by

A

Coyotes, bears, wolves, dogs, owls, eagles
Predator fencing
Guardian animals
Frightening devices
Dispose deadstock

38
Q

Zoonoses in sheep

A

Neurological
Rabies, listeriosis
Skin
Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
Contagious ecthyma (orf)
Abortion
Many infectious causes
NEVER handle aborted tissues of pregnant
NEVER work on sheep herds with endemic abortion infections (ex. Chlamydia)

39
Q

Humane euthanasia of sheep

A

Lethal dose of barbituates
Burial or rendering
Gunshot to the brain
Penetrating captive bolt
Slightly caudal to poll

40
Q

Slaughter of sheep

A

Stunned prior to exsanguination
Ritual slaughter (Halal, Judaic)
Not stunned
Calm and gentle handling
Preferably on farm
Knife of appropriate length, width, sharpness
Appropriate training
Cut all four vessels (carotids, jugulars)
Hold head extended until unconscious

41
Q
A

Large animal nursing (6 decks)

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