Bovine Flashcards

Question

When do calves need colostrum and how much do they need

Answer 1

Calves must consume adequate colostrum within 6 hours of birth 4-6 L in first 24 hours Serum total protein >5.5 g/dL = adequate transfer <5.o g/dL = failure of passive transfer Serum chemistry >10 mg/mL globulins = adequate transfer Frozen colostrum from herd

Answer 2

Diarrhea Pneumonia Umbilical infection Septic arthritis

Answer 3

Dangle tags CCIA tags Specific to the animal Registered to the herd of origin

Answer 4

Low stress handling Flight zone Point of balance

Answer 5

Chutes and raceways Halter and rope Tail jack Nose tongs Casting

Answer 6

Alpha-2 agonist (xylazine, detomidine) Use minimally invasive and painful procedures Use only ⅕ the dose you would use for a horse 20mg/mL Alpha-2 agonist + opioid Longer more invasive procedures Bovine stun (20 mg ketamine + 10 mg butorphanol + 5mg xylazine for the average cow) Longer more invasive procedures IM for longer effect

Answer 7

Elastrator rubber ring Burdizzo Surgical Analgesics and local anaesthetic always indicated

Answer 8

Breed for polled whenever possible Calves only (NEVER adults!) Increased risk of hemorrhage infection Analgesics and local anaesthetic always indicated

Answer 9

Start at the heart and work around (find out numbers and regular values) Cardio Gastro Mucous membrane Digital pulses Temp Feces and urine Udder

Answer 10

Tailored to each herd and production type Proper vaccine storage and handling just as important as vaccine selection

Answer 11

Must follow label withdrawal times Greater withdrawal times for meat then milk Extra-label use only by vet Never use certain drugs Aminoglycosides Phenylbutazone Enrofloxacin

Answer 12

Neurologic Rabies, listeriosis Always wear gloves Abortion Brucellosis, listeriosis, leptospirosis, Q-fever NEVER handle aborted tissues if pregnant! Skin Dermatophytosis

Answer 13

Lethal dose of barbituates Burial or rendering Gunshot to the brain Penetrating captive bolt Extended bolt- not for human consumption Pithing- not for human consumption Exsanguination- for human consumption Slaughter Stunned prior to exsanguination Proper restraint Specified risk materials Brain Spinal cord Ileum

Answer 14

1.Apply lube or vaseline to the tip of the thermometer. 2.Approach the cow safely, with the cow restrained in a head gate and a pole behind the cow’s hindquarters. From the side of the chute, lift the tail or move the tail to the side to expose the anus. 3. Insert the thermometer into the anus until the digital window is contacting the anus. Feces on the window is expected. 4. Remove the thermometer when it beeps. 5. Release the tail

Answer 15

38.5 +/- 0.5°C.

Answer 16

listen to the heart under the triceps muscle of the left limb, at a location halfway between the point of the elbow and the point of the shoulder. Count how many beats in 15 sec and multiply by 4 to obtain a HR/min

Answer 17

50-80 beats/min (cattle 100-120bpm)

Answer 18

You can listen for respirations with your stethoscope over the trachea/lungs, or by watching the rise and fall of the flank. The lung field in cattle is a triangular region bordered by the triceps muscle cranially, the ventral surface of thoracic vertebrae dorsally, and a diagonal line from the dorsal aspect of the 11th intercostal space to the point of the elbow. Count respirations for 30 sec, and multiply by 2 to obtain a RR/min.

Answer 19

15-50 brpm

Answer 20

You would listen for rumen contractions in the left paralumbar fossa (the indentation of the abdomen caudal to the last rib and ventral to the wing of the ilium). The sound is a gurgling/fluid sound similar to a toilet flushing. Listen for 2 minutes

Answer 21

I. Have a sterile container ready to collect urine (a sterile, empty syringe case works well). II. Approach the cow from the side, with your shoulder against her hip. Stand parallel to her, and face yourself the same direction her hind end is pointing. III. Run your hand down her caudal thigh, and stroke the back of your hand along her perineal area below the vulva. Continue for 1-2 minutes, until she urinates. IV. Allow a small amount of urine to drain, then using your free hand catch some urine in the sterile container. V. You WILL get urine on your hand. VI. A common reason to collect urine is to test for ketones using the urine dipsticks. Presence of ketones indicates ketosis (an indication of excessive fat breakdown in cattle with negative energy balance).

Answer 22

a. The tail brace is a quick method to prevent a cow from kicking during a brief, mildly uncomfortable procedure or examination. b. Speaking quietly so the cow knows you are there, approach a cow from behind who is properly restrained in a headgate. c. Grasp the tail near the base and raise the base of the cow’s tail straight dorsally over her back until you feel resistance. Do NOT raise the tail until it is completely vertical. d. Be wary of the mobile distal end! You can hold it so that the manure or mud-covered end does not hit you in the face. e. Once you feel the resistance hold it there until the uncomfortable procedure is completed. The cow may dance around but will not be able to kick. f. Once the procedure is completed lower the tail and step away from the cow’s hind end

Answer 23

a. Estimate the poll piece length so that it will not touch the cow's eyes when being placed or tightened. You can make the poll piece shorter or longer by pulling the free end (to make it shorter) or pulling the poll piece (to make it longer). b. Adjust the chin piece by pulling on the free end to make the chin piece smaller, or feeding some free end through the loop to make the chin piece larger. It should be slightly larger than the size of the cow’s nose. The loop and free and should end up on the left side of the patient. c. Get the poll piece around the far ear first, then the near ear. d. Loop the nose piece over the cow's muzzle by “fishing” for the muzzle. Toss the nose piece over the muzzle until the muzzle settles loosely in the opening made by the nose piece and the long chin piece. e. Tighten the chin piece by pulling on the free end. Ensure the halter is placed with the free end on the left side of the patient, not touching the cow’s eyes, and the poll piece just behind the ears. * If you have to adjust the halter once it is on the cow, be VERY CAREFUL. Do not place your fingers between the rope of the halter and the cow or you may get badly injured if the cow decides to throw her head. You can try pinching the sides of the rope to adjust, but the risk of getting your hand crushed is still present. f. The free end can be tied to a metal eye or hook on the head gate to immobilize the head

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Bovine Flashcards

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