Equine Flashcards

Question

Ways to identify horses

Answer 1

Microchip Lip tattoo Freeze brand Face and limb marking

Answer 2

Safest place to stand is at the shoulder Always make sure everyone is in a safe place Always stand at the same side of the person working on the horse Never kneel or sit The person at the horse’s head is in charge of everyone else’s safety!

Answer 3

Halter and rope Chain shank Stocks Twitch Nose, shoulder, ear Madigan squeeze foals

Answer 4

Alpha 2 agonist Short minimally invasive and painful procedures Alpha 2 agonist+opioid Longer more invasive procedures Acepromazine Mild long term effects Diazepam +/- alpha 2 agonist For foals >1 month

Answer 5

Castration Most common surgical procedure Most complications Emasculators Dental care Yearly checks Uneven wear and fractured or abscess teeth Float molars Dental equipment Hoof care Regular trimming 6-8 weeks Showing if indicated Navicular syndrome Laminitis Farrier equipment

Answer 6

Start at the heart and work around the horse Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal Mucous membranes Digital pulses Temperature Feces and urine EXAM QUESTION

Answer 7

Nine point scale 1 emaciated 5 ideal 9 obese

Answer 8

Eastern equine encephalitis Western equine encephalitis Tetanus West nile Rabies Annually may or june

Answer 9

Parasite resistance increasing problem Maintain refugia Fecal egg count Identify high shredders Strategic dewormer selection

Answer 10

Unmanageable pain Condition with poor outcome Unsafe behavioural issues Unfit for human consumption Unwanted Lethal dose of IV barbituates Burial or rendering Gunshot or captive bolt Intrathecal 2% lidocaine IV MgSO4 or KCl Exsanguination Safe for wildlife scavenging

Answer 11

36.5-38.5*C

Answer 12

24-48 beats/min

Answer 13

8-20 breaths/min

Answer 14

a. Apply lube or vaseline to the tip of the thermometer. b. Approach the horse safely (practice this properly with Dobbin). Run your hand along the back and rump of the horse, then the base of the tail. Lift the tail or move the tail to the side to expose the anus. c. Insert the thermometer into the anus until the digital window is to the anus. Feces on the window is expected. d. Remove the thermometer when it beeps. e. Release the tail. Run your hand along the rump then the back as you move back to the head of the horse so he knows you are finished.

Answer 15

listen to the heart under the triceps muscle of the left limb, at a location halfway between the point of the elbow and the point of the shoulder. Count how many beats in 15 sec and multiply by 4 to obtain a HR/min

Answer 16

You can listen for respirations with your stethoscope over the trachea/lungs, or by watching the rise and fall of the flank. The lung field in horses is larger than cattle, and is a triangular region bordered by the triceps muscle cranially, the ventral surface of thoracic vertebrae dorsally, and a diagonal line from the tuber coxae (palpable wing of the ilium) to the point of the elbow. Count respirations for 30 sec, and multiply by 2 to obtain a RR/min.

Answer 17

a. Arrange the halter so that the buckle is to the left, the central D-ring is ventral and rostral, and the poll strap (the part that goes over the poll) is to the right. The buckle and poll strap should be undone. b. Connect the lead rope to the D-ring. c. Approach the horse quietly at the shoulder. d. Lay the lead rope across the horse’s neck and hold it loosely ventral to the neck. ▪ This establishes control and the horse knows what is going to happen. e. Hold the halter with the left side of the noseband (the side attached to the buckle) in your left hand and your right hand holding the right side of the nose band (the side with the poll strap). ▪ Don’t place your fingers between the noseband and the horse to prevent your fingers from getting caught if the horse moves quickly. f. Hold the nose band by the webbing or leather and slide their muzzle into the opening of the noseband. g. Once their muzzle is in the halter, flip the poll strap over the horse’s neck, just caudal to their ears, and buckle the poll strap to the buckle on the left side of their cheek. * The halter should fit snuggly. A loose halter is dangerous for horse and handler. * You should be able to get 2-3 fingers between the noseband and the horse’s muzzle, and 1 hands width between the buckle and the side of the horse’s face.

Answer 18

Using a nose twitch: Distracts the horse to facilitate mildly painful procedures and releases endorphins. Twitches may be chain (more humane) or rope (more prone to overtightening). a. Hold the chain in your left hand, with your thumb and pinky finger (or pinky + ring finger) on the inside of the loop, and the rest of your fingers outside and above the loop. Hold the handle in your right hand. b. Grasp the muzzle and slide the chain over your fingers and onto the muzzle of the horse. You may use a partner’s hand, or a rolled towel to simulate the muzzle of a horse. c. Twist the handle to tighten the chain and maintain tension. d. The twitch may stay in place for up to 15 minutes, then must be released. e. If further restraint with the twitch is needed it must be off for at least 5 minutes before being reapplied. f. A tong twitch is applied by simply closing the handles over the muzzle and wrapping a tie around the end of the bars to maintain tension

Answer 19

a. Pinch and twist a fold of skin on the neck. b. Similar in principle to the twitch device

Answer 20

Restraint of the horse’s head is necessary for passage of a stomach tube or for oral exams. a. Stand in front of the horse’s chest, facing the same direction as the horse. Your right shoulder should be under the horse’s neck, and your body should be close to the front legs. b. Extend your right leg in front of both of the horse’s front legs. c. Place your right hand over the horse’s nasal bones, not over the soft tissue of the muzzle. d. Hold the lead rope with your left hand.

Answer 21

a. Used to keep the tail out of the way during procedures or to keep the tail from swishing into a sterile field during a procedure. b. NEVER use it to tie the tail to a stationary object; only tie the tail to the animal itself. c. Palpate for the most distal caudal vertebrae and grasp the hairy part of the tail just below the last vertebrae. d. Lay a rope over top of the hair, with one end short and one end long. e. Flip the hair over top of the rope, so the rope is sandwiched between the hair and hold the 2 sheaves of hair in 1 hand. f. Wrap the short end of rope around the tail once. g. Make a U-shaped fold of rope (a “bight”) in the short end, and push the fold through the rope that has been wrapped around the tail. h. Pull on the long end to tighten the knot. i. Release the quick-release knot by pulling on the short end of the rope

Answer 22

You can estimate the weight of a cow or horse using a special tape measurement device around the girth. This method works for averaged sized cattle and horses. Be sure to use the correct tape for the species you intend to weigh. 1. Hold onto the zero end of the weight tape. 2. Drop the tape over Dobbin’s back, just behind their triceps muscle mass and over the whither. 3. Reach under the animal and grasp the tape. 4. Bring it up and in line with the zero. 5. The tape should run just behind the triceps muscle. 6. Pull snugly, but not tightly. On a live animal it should indent the skin slightly. Read the weight on the tape. 7. Repeat twice and take an average. 8. This method works for average sized horses. It does not work for foals, minis or draft horses.

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Equine Flashcards

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