Overview of Upper Extremity Flashcards
What does the clavicle do?
acts as a strut to keep upper limp in lateral position, connects upper limp to axial skeleton
What is significant about the suprascapular notch?
superior transverse scapular ligament spans the notch to form a foramen for the passage of the suprascapular nerve
What does the glenoid cavity articulate with?
the humerus
What is found in the intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)?
the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
Where is the radial groove? What does it contain?
it is located on the posterior shaft of the humerus, radial nerve and deep artery of the arm run through it
Sternoclavicular (SC) joint
synovial joint between the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum
allows the clavicle and the manubrium to move anterior and posterior and allows for elevation and depression
Acromioclavicular AC joint
synovial joint between the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula
scapulothoracic (ST) joint
not a true anatomic joint
a functional joint, permitting movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall
What joints allow movement of the scapula?
SC joint
AC joint
ST joint
What are the movements of the scapula?
elevation, depression, retraction, protraction, upward rotation, downward rotation
Glenohumeral (GH) Joint
head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, ball and socket joint with wide ROM
What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?
Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Medial Rotation/Lateral Rotation
What is meant by scapulohumeral rhythm?
for every 2 degrees of glenohumeral movement there is 1 degree of scapulothoracic movement
Elbow Joint
where the distal humerus articulates with the proximal radius and ulna
a hinge synovial joint
What movements occur at the elbow joint?
Flexion/Extension
Proximal and Distal Radioulnar Joints
synovial joints, ulna is stable and radius rotates
What movement occurs at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?
Supination and Pronation
Wrist (radiocarpal) joint
synovial joint between the distal radius, articular discs and proximal carpals (scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum)
What movements occur at the wrist (radiocarpal) joint?
Extension/Flexion
Abduction/Adduction
What are the movements of the CMC joint of the pollex?
Extension/Flexion
Abduction/Adduction
Opposition/Reposition
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints
synovial joints between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges
What movements occur at the MCP joints?
Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
IP joints, what movements occur here?
hinge synovial joints between phalanges
Flexion/Extension
Function of flexor and extensor retinacula
keep tendons in place
What are the superficial veins of the UE?
dorsal venous network
cephalic vein
basilic vein
medial cubital vein
cephalic vein
arises from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous network
travels along lateral aspect of forearm and arm and enters the deltopectoral triangle
Where does the cephalic vein drain into?
the axillary vein
Basilic vein
Arises from medial aspect of the dorsal venous network, courses along medial side of forearm and arm
joins brachial veins to form axillary vein
Median cubital vein
site of venipuncture
arises from the cephalic vein
What is a common variation of the median cubital vein?
median antebrachial vein which divides into median cephalic and median basilic veins
Lymphatics of UE
follows venous system
SF lymphatic drainage along cephalic vein
drain to deltopectoral or axillary lymph nodes
SF lymphatic drainage along the basilic vein
first drain into the cubital lymph nodes > axillary lymph nodes
Deep lymphatic drainage of UE
accompany deep veins and drain into the axillary lymph nodes
Inflammation of axillary lymph nodes
may indicate infections/pathologies in the UE, also site for metastasis breast cancer
Brachial plexus
network of nerves in the neck and axilla that supply the UE and pectoral region
formed by ventral rami C5-T1
