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Anatomy Exam 3 > Axilla and Arm > Flashcards

Axilla and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A

Axillary artery, axillary vein and distal portion of the brachial plexus (all contained in the axillary sheath)

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the axilla?

A

Anterior axillary fold- formed by pectoralis major

posterior axillary fold- formed by latissimus dorsi and teres major

*mid axillary line starts at the midpoint of the axilla and runs all the way down the torso

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3
Q

What are the main branches of the axillary artery

A

Part 1- superior thoracic a.

Part 2- Thoracoacromial a.
Lateral thoracic a.

Part 3- Subscapular a. 
            Anterior circumflex 
             humeral a.
            Posterior circumflex 
             humeral a.
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4
Q

What artery runs with the long thoracic nerve?

A

lateral thoracic artery

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5
Q

What are the branches of the subscapular a?

A

circumflex scapular a.

thoracodorsal a.

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6
Q

What does the superior thoracic artery supply?

A

1st and 2nd intercostal spaces

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7
Q

What does the thoracoacromial a. supply?

A

pectoral muscles and deltoid

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8
Q

What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

A

serratus anterior and pectoral muscles

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9
Q

What does circumflex scapular artery supply?

A

(branch off subscapular artery)

supplies scapular region

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10
Q

What does the thoracodorsal a. supply?

A

latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

What does the anterior circumflex a. supply?

A

shoulder and arm

anastomoses with posterior

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12
Q

What does the posterior circumflex a. supply?

A

shoulder and arm, anastomoses with anterior

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13
Q

What passes through the quadrangular space?

A

posterior circumflex humeral a. and axillary nerve.

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14
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

A

teres minor

teres major

humerus

long head of triceps

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15
Q

How can our body maintain blood flow to UE if axillary a. becomes occluded?

A

through the multiple anastomoses present around the shoulder

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16
Q

What are the major tributaries of the axillary vein?

A

cephalic vein

basilic vein

brachial veins

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17
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

network of nerves in the neck and axilla that gives rise to the nerves of the UE (including pectoral region)

ventral rami (C5-T1)

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18
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus? Where are they located?

A

Ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

located in the neck

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19
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus? Where are they located?

A

Superior (C5-C6)

Middle (C7)

Inferior (C8 and T1)

located in the neck

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20
Q

What are the division of the brachial plexus? Where are they located?

A

each trunk gives rise to a posterior and an anterior division

located deep to clavicle

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21
Q

What do the anterior divisions give rise to?

A

nerves of the anterior arm and forearm and palmar hand

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22
Q

What do the posterior divisions give rise to?

A

nerves of the posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand

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23
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Named for position relative to axillary artery

Lateral: formed by anterior divisions of superior and middle trunk (C5-C7)

Posterior: formed by posterior divisions of all trunks (C5-T1)

Medial: formed by anterior division of inferior trunk (C8-T1)

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24
Q

Where are the cords of the brachial plexus located?

A

distal to the clavicle

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25
Q

What are the 2 branches of the roots?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

long thoracic nerve

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26
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

motor to levator scapulae and rhomboids

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27
Q

Where does dorsal scapular nerve travel?

A

with dorsal scapular a., medial to the medial border of the scapula

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28
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

motor to serratus anterior

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29
Q

Where does long thoracic nerve travel?

A

with the lateral thoracic artery along the mid axillary line on the superficial surface of serratus anterior

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30
Q

What would a lesion of the long thoracic nerve result in?

A

winged scapula

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31
Q

What is the suprascapular nerve a branch off of?

A

the superior trunk

32
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

(C5-C6)

motor to supraspinatous and and infraspinatous

33
Q

How does the suprascapular nerve travel?

A

with the suprascapular artery

“army over navy”

34
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

motor to the anterior compartment of the arm

sensory near the elbow, terminates as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

35
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

motor to most of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm and some intrinsic hand muscles

sensory skin on part of the hand

36
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

involves compression of the median nerve as it passes deep to the flexor retinaculum at the wrist

37
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

motor to pectoralis major

38
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

motor to 1.5 muscles of the anterior forearm and most intrinsic hand muscles

sensory to skin of part of the hand

39
Q

Where can the ulnar nerve be compressed?

A

as it crosses the elbow joint as it is very superficial here

40
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

41
Q

What does the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm innervate?

A

sensory innervation to skin of the medial arm

42
Q

What does the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve of the arm innervate?

A

sensory to skin of the anterior arm and medial forearm

43
Q

Where does the axillary nerve travel?

A

travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

44
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

motor to deltoid and teres minor

sensory to skin on lateral shoulder

45
Q

Where does the radial nerve travel?

A

courses in the radial groove with the deep artery and vein of the arm

46
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Motor to all muscles of the posterior compartments of arm and forearm

sensory to skin of the posterior arm, forearm and hand

47
Q

How can the axillary nerve be damaged?

A

with fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

48
Q

How can the radial nerve be damaged?

A

with mid shaft fracture of the humerus

49
Q

What does the upper subscapular nerve innervate?

A

motor to superior portion of subscapularis

50
Q

What does thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

motor to latissimus dorsi

51
Q

What does the lower subscapular nerve innervate

A

motor to inferior portion of subscapularis and teres major

52
Q

What do the C5-C6 brachial plexus roots generally innervate?

A

the muscles around the shoulder/arm

53
Q

What do the C7-C8 brachial plexus roots generally innervate?

A

muscles in the hand

54
Q

What is erb’s palsy? What causes this?

A

affects shoulder muscles and anterior arm muscles and C5-C6 dermatomes

UE presents in “waiter’s tip” position with adducted and medially rotated GHJ

caused by damage to C5-C6

55
Q

What is Klumpke’s palsy? What causes this?

A

affects intrinsic hand muscles, resulting in full claw hand and affecting C8-T1 dermatomes

caused by damage to C8-T1

56
Q

What is the innervation rule for the anterior arm?

A

musculocutaneous (C5-C7)

57
Q

What are the action rules of the anterior arm

A

flex glenohumeral or elbow joint

supinate forearm

58
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

coracobrachialis

biceps brachii

brachialis

59
Q

Attachments of coracobrachialis

A

origin: coracoid process of scapula
insertion: mid shaft of humerus

60
Q

Action of coracobrachialis

A

flex GHJ

61
Q

Attachments of biceps brachii

A

origin: SH- coracoid process
LH- supraglenoid
tubercle

insertion:
radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

62
Q

Actions of biceps brachii?

A

flex elbow, supinate forearm

weakly flex GHJ

63
Q

What does the biceps reflex test assess?

A

the musculocutaneous nerve and the C5-C6 spinal segments

64
Q

Attachments of brachialis

A

origin: distal humerus
insertion: ulnar tuberosity

65
Q

Action of brachialis

A

flex elbow joint

66
Q

What is the innervation rule for the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

radial nerve (C6-8)

67
Q

What is the action rule for the posterior compartment of the arm

A

extend elbow joint, extend glenohumeral joint

68
Q

What is the muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

triceps brachii- long head, lateral head and medial head

69
Q

Origin of triceps brachii?

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Lateral head/Medial head: posterior humerus

70
Q

insertion of triceps brachii

A

olecranon process of ulna

71
Q

Actions of triceps brachii?

A

extend elbow

extend GHJ (long head only)

72
Q

What does the triceps reflex test assess?

A

radial nerve and the C7-C8 spinal segments

73
Q

anconeus

A

small muscle posterior to elbow joint, stabilizes elbow

74
Q

Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

at the inferior border of teres major

75
Q

What supplies blood to the arm?

A

the brachial artery, this is where BP is usually measured

76
Q

How could you control hemorrhage of the distal UE?

A

by mid arm compression of the brachial artery

77
Q

What branches does the brachial artery give rise to?

A
  • deep artery of the arm ( in radial groove with radial nerve)
  • ulnar collateral arteries (anastomose around elbow)

Anatomy Exam 3 (7 decks)

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