Overview of Respiratory System Flashcards
The problem of getting oxygen: what does every cell need?
To take in O2 and to expel CO2
The problem of getting oxygen: what does every complex multicellular organism need?
epithelium/skin, trachea, gills, and lungs
The process of getting oxygen happens through what?
Diffusion- passive transport
How do Sponges breathe?
through spicules (in-flow and out-flow)
How do jellyfish breathe?
through one body cavity (in-flow and out-flow)
How do crayfish breathe?
through gills
How do marine worms breathe?
through a parapodium
How do sea-star’s breathe?
through a coelom (papula and tube foot)
How do grasshoppers breathe?
through spiracles (in-flow and out-flow)
A _____ organism means the need for respiratory and circulatory systems.
larger
How do amphibians breathe?
CO2 out and O2 in through the epidermis
How do fish breathe?
through gill filaments
Explain why it is easier for fish to breathe with gills?
Lots of surface area for gas exchange and they have a countercurrent exchange.
Definition of countercurrent exchange and blood/water percentages.
Blood flows in opposite direction of water.
- Starts with 85% blood and 100% water
- Ends with 0% blood and 15% water
Explain the process of positive pressure breathing in frogs
air goes in through nostrils - buccal cavity - esophagus - lungs
_____ _____ is key for breathing.
partial pressure
What is partial pressure?
the pressure exerted by particular gas in atmosphere
How much of O2, CO2, N2, and Ar is in the atmosphere?
O2- 21%
CO2- .03%
N2- 78%
Ar- .93%
Gases only flow from regions of ____ pressure to regions of ____ pressure.
high
low
How much of the volume of air do us humans use?
21%
