Overview of Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

The problem of getting oxygen: what does every cell need?

A

To take in O2 and to expel CO2

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2
Q

The problem of getting oxygen: what does every complex multicellular organism need?

A

epithelium/skin, trachea, gills, and lungs

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3
Q

The process of getting oxygen happens through what?

A

Diffusion- passive transport

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4
Q

How do Sponges breathe?

A

through spicules (in-flow and out-flow)

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5
Q

How do jellyfish breathe?

A

through one body cavity (in-flow and out-flow)

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6
Q

How do crayfish breathe?

A

through gills

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7
Q

How do marine worms breathe?

A

through a parapodium

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8
Q

How do sea-star’s breathe?

A

through a coelom (papula and tube foot)

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9
Q

How do grasshoppers breathe?

A

through spiracles (in-flow and out-flow)

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10
Q

A _____ organism means the need for respiratory and circulatory systems.

A

larger

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11
Q

How do amphibians breathe?

A

CO2 out and O2 in through the epidermis

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12
Q

How do fish breathe?

A

through gill filaments

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13
Q

Explain why it is easier for fish to breathe with gills?

A

Lots of surface area for gas exchange and they have a countercurrent exchange.

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14
Q

Definition of countercurrent exchange and blood/water percentages.

A

Blood flows in opposite direction of water.

  • Starts with 85% blood and 100% water
  • Ends with 0% blood and 15% water
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15
Q

Explain the process of positive pressure breathing in frogs

A

air goes in through nostrils - buccal cavity - esophagus - lungs

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16
Q

_____ _____ is key for breathing.

A

partial pressure

17
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

the pressure exerted by particular gas in atmosphere

18
Q

How much of O2, CO2, N2, and Ar is in the atmosphere?

A

O2- 21%
CO2- .03%
N2- 78%
Ar- .93%

19
Q

Gases only flow from regions of ____ pressure to regions of ____ pressure.

A

high

low

20
Q

How much of the volume of air do us humans use?

A

21%