Blood Composition and Blood Function

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

Type of connective tissue composed of fluid matrix called plasma and formed elements.

Question 2

What are the Blood Functions?

Answer 2

1. Transportation
2. Regulation
3. Protection

Question 3

What is Blood Composed of?

Answer 3

Plasma
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Red Blood Cells

Question 4

What is another name for Red Blood Cells

Answer 4

Erthrocytes

Question 5

What do Red Blood Cells contain and what is it?

Answer 5

Haemoglobin - special pigment that combines and carries oxygen.

Question 6

What do Red Blood Cells not contain and what does it mean?

Answer 6

they do not contain a nucleus meaning more oxygen

Question 7

What type of shape do Red Blood Cells have and why?

Answer 7

Disc shaped with dent on each side creating a large surface area for gas exchange.

Question 8

Red Blood Cells have a large ____ ____ compared to volume.

Answer 8

surface area

Question 9

What is another name for White Blood Cells?

Answer 9

Leucocytes

Question 10

White Blood Cells: what do they contain?

Answer 10

A nuclei

Question 11

White Blood Cells: what are they larger than?

Answer 11

Erythrocytes

Question 12

White Blood Cells: where do they migrate?

Answer 12

They can migrate out of capillaries into tissue fluid

Question 13

White Blood Cells: Agranular types

Answer 13

Lymphocyte ad Monocyte

Question 14

White Blood Cells: Granular types

Answer 14

Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil

Question 15

White Blood Cells: Innate Immunity

Answer 15

non-specific with no memory containing granulocytes and monocytes

Question 16

White Blood Cells: Adaptive Immunity

Answer 16

Specific and has memory contain lymphocytes (b ad t cell)

Question 17

Definition of Platelets

Answer 17

Cell fragments that pinch off from larger cells in bone marrow.

Question 18

Function of Platelets

Answer 18

Formation of blood clots

Question 19

Where is blood made?

Answer 19

red bone marrow

Question 20

Arteries and Veins: what are the 4 tissues layers?

Answer 20

1. Endothelium
2. Elastic Fibers
3. Smooth Muscles
4. Connective Tissue

Question 21

Arteries and Veins: why aren’t they able to exchange materials across wall?

Answer 21

The walls are too thick for exchange

Question 22

Capillaries: have a single layer of _______ cells

Answer 22

endothelial

Question 23

Capillaries: What type of exchange do they have?

Answer 23

gases and metabolites between blood and body cells

Question 24

Arteries and Arterioles: _____ arteries contain more _____ ____ in walls.

Answer 24

Larger

Elastic Fibers

Question 25

Arteries and Arterioles: What is the contraction of smooth muscle layer?

Answer 25

Vasoconstriction

Question 26

Arteries and Arterioles: role of vasoconstriction

Answer 26

increases resistance and decreases flow

Question 27

Arteries and Arterioles: what happens when there is chronic vasoconstriction?

Answer 27

hypertension

Question 28

Arteries and Arterioles: what is the relaxation of smooth muscle layer?

Answer 28

Vasodilation

Question 29

What is the importance of Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation?

Answer 29

They regulate body heat in ectoderms and endotherms.

Question 30

Capillaries: every cell in body is within ___ micrometers of the capillary.

Answer 30

100

Question 31

Capillaries: What is the importance of being very narrow?

Answer 31

It creates the greatest total cross-sectional area of any other type of vessel.

Question 32

Difference between arteries and veins?

Answer 32

Arteries: all about PRESSURE and getting blood tissues that are in far reach. Veins: all about VOLUME and 2/3 of blood supply is inside being carried back to heart.

Question 33

The Lymphatic System: how does interstitial fluid form?

Answer 33

When a significant amount of water and solutes in blood plasma filter through walls of capillaries.

Question 34

The Lymphatic System: most fluid leaves at _____ end of capillary and returns at ____ end.

Answer 34

Arteriole | Venule

Question 35

The Lymphatic System: what happens to the fluid that isn't returned to capillaries?

Answer 35

It is returned to circulation by the lymphatic system.

Question 36

Blood Flow and Blood Pressure: what does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 36

modulates heart rhythm and force of contraction

Question 37

Blood Flow and Blood Pressure: What modulates the heart rate?

Answer 37

cardiac center of medulla oblongata

Question 38

Blood Flow and Blood Pressure: Norepinephrine

Answer 38

Comes from the sympathetic neurons and increases heart rate.

Question 39

Blood Flow and Blood Pressure: Acetylocholine

Answer 39

Comes from parasympathetic neurons and decreases heart rate.