Overview of Neuroscience Flashcards
cerebrum contains…
-it is the brain
-central hemispheres
-diencephalon
brainstem contains…
midbrain, pons, medulla
rostral vs caudal of the head
rostral is towards the front
caudal is towards the back of the head
rostral vs. caudal in the spinal cord
rostral upward towards the brain and caudal downward towards the spine
gray matter does/contains…
-cell bodies of neurons
-integrates and processes information
white matter does/contains…
-axons surrounded by myelin
-exchange information
-communication between different areas of the brain
diencephalon contains..
-thalamus
-hypothalamus
-epithalamus
-subthalamus
thalamus
information relay station
hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis
epithalamus
circadian rhythm, emotions
subthalamus
movement regulation
what are the six lobes of the brain?
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, limbic, insular
frontal lobe
-personality
-initiation of movement, expressive language, executive functioning
-decision making
parietal
integrates sensory input, processes language
temporal
-processes auditory information
-encodes memory
-understanding language
- object recognition
-facial recognition
occipital
visuospatial processing
limbic
emotional center
-behavioral and emotional responses
longitudinal fissure location
separates cerebral hemispheres
central sulcus
separates frontal and parietal lobes
lateral sulcus
between frontal and temporal lobes
parieto-occipital sulcus
between parietal and occipital lobes
calcarine sulcus
separates occipital lobe in two
cingulate sulcus
between limbic and frontal lobes
callosal sulcus
between corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus
sub parietal sulcus
between parietal and limbic lobes
function of corpus callosum
-collection of axons
-connects right and left cerebral hemispheres
-allows communication between right and left sides of the brain
function of internal capsule
-collection of axons
-connects cerebral cortex to subcortical structures
-two-way motor and sensory communication
basal ganglia
-contains caudate and lenticular nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus)
-social and goal-oriented behavior, movement, emotions
medulla
-breathing, HR, BP, swallowing, CN 6-12
- contains pyramid, olive, and pyramidal decussation
pons
-white matter, axons
- sleep, pain, CN 5
midbrain
-vision, auditory, temp, CN 3-4
-cerebral peduncle which does proprioception and posture
cerebellum 3 lobes
-anterior
-posterior
-flocculonodular
cerebellum does what
coordinates movement
how is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem
by peduncles, tract of white matter
hydrocephallus
too much fluid in the brain
what connects the lateral and third ventricles?
interventricular foramen
what connects third and fourth ventricles?
cerebral aqueduct
pathway that CSF flows
lateral ventricles
interventricular foramen
third ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
central canal
spinal cord
order of meninges in CNS
dura, arachnoid, pia
falx cerebri separates
cerebral hemispheres
tentorium cerebelli separates
cerebrum from cerebellum