Basal Nuclei Flashcards
ganglia
group of nerve cell bodies external to the brain stem or spinal cord
nuclei
group of nerve cell bodies within the brain or spinal cord
what is in the basal nuclei
o Caudate
o Putamen
o Globus pallidus
o Substantia nigra
o Subthalamic nuclei (Part of basal and diencephalon)
substantia nigra
-Primary input to putamen via nigrostriatal pathway
-Pars compacta=dopamine neurons
-Pars reticula= GABA neurons
subthalamic nuclei
-Prevents unwanted movement
-lesion here disrupts inhibition of movement
goal directed group
-Perceptual decisions, plans, decides on actions, divergent (black and white) thinking
-Lateral prefrontal cortex to head of caudate, globus pallidus to ventral anterior thalamic nuclei to lateral prefrontal cortex
social behavior loop
-Social behavior loop recognizing social disapproval, self regulatory control, separating relevant and irrelevant knowledge, maintains attention, stimulus response learning, decision making, judgment
-From ventral prefrontal cortex to head of caudate, substantia nigra reticularis to mediodorsal thalamic nucleus to ventral prefrontal cortex
emotional loop
-Reward seeking, self-awareness, identifies value of stimuli, monitors errors in predictions
-Medial prefrontal cortex to ventral striatum, ventral pallidum to mediodorsal thalamic nuclei to medial prefrontal cortex
oculomotor loop
spatial attention, decisions, decisions about prosaccades
function of caudate
planning the execution of movement, learning, memory, reward, motivation, emotion, romantic interaction
putamen function
learning and motor control, language, reward, cognitive functioning, addiction
globus pallidus function
control conscious and proprioceptive movements
GP internus function
send into to thalamus
GP externus function
relay for information
subthalamic function
regulates movement by glutamatergic neurons to GPi (which inhibit movement and decrease activity of thalamus)
substantia nigra function
modulates movement, reward
substantia nigra- pars compacta
dopaminergic
substantia nigra- pars reticula
GABAergic
glutamate from cerebral cortex
excitatory
glutamate and ACh from pedunculopontine nuclei
excitatory
serotonin from dorsal raphe
inhibitory
GABA to thalamus, PPN, and reticular formation
inhibitory
