Lecture 16- Cerebellum

Question 1

Purkinje cell bodies

Answer 1

transmits output from the cerebellar cortex and inhibit cerebellar and vestibular and inhibit cerebellar and vestibular nuclei

Question 2

mossy fibers

Answer 2

-from brainstem and spinal cord
-convey somatosensory, arousal, balance, and cerebral cortex info into cerebellum

Question 3

climbing fibers from inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 3

convey info regarding movement errors to cerebellum

Question 4

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 4

separates cerebellum and occipital lobe

Question 5

functions and location of superior peduncle

Answer 5

-Midbrain
-Efferent to cortex via thalamus (corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts)
-Direct projections to red nucleus
-Anterior spinocerebellar afferents

Question 6

function and location of middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 6

-Pons
-Afferents from pontine nuclei (most of cerebral cortex and superior colliculus)

Question 7

inferior cerebellar peduncles

Answer 7

-medulla
-Afferents from spinal cord, vestibular apparatus, and inferior olivary nucleus
-Efferent to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

Question 8

spinocerebellum location and function

Answer 8

-Anterior lobe
-Vermis and paravermal
-Info from spine
-Makes anticipatory, corrective, and responsive adjustments to movements
-Gross limb movements

Question 9

Vestibulocerebellum function and location

Answer 9

-Flocculonodular lobe
-Info from vestibular
-Equilibrium
-influences movement for posture

Question 10

posterior spinocerebellar

Answer 10

-Proprioceptive info from lower limb and lower trunk
-First order from peripheral receptor then nucleus dorsalis
-Second order ipsilateral to cerebellar cortex via inferior peduncle

Question 11

Cuneocerebellar

Answer 11

-Proprioceptors in neck, upper limb and upper trunk in dorsal columns to lower medulla
-Second order to lateral cuneate nucleus to ipsilateral cortex through inferior peduncle

Question 12

anterior spinocerebellar

Answer 12

-Thoracolumbar gray matter
-Decussate and ascend in contralateral anterior spinocerebellar tract to midbrain
-Divides and most recross midline, rest stay contralateral
-Enter cerebellum via superior peduncles
-Both hemispheres get info from both sides of the body

Question 13

Rostrospinocerebellar

Answer 13

Cervical spinal cord and T1 to ipsilateral cerebellum via inferior and superior peduncles

Question 14

Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 14

-coordinates voluntary movements by influencing corticospinal, corticobulbar, and rubrospinal tracts
-plans movement
-timing
-cognitive functions- language comprehension, goal directed behavior, visuospatial
-connects cerebral cortex and lateral cerebellar cortex via cerebro-cerebello-cerebral loop

Question 15

dentate nucleus

Answer 15

motor planning, precede changes in activity in motor areas of cerebral cortex

Question 16

ataxia

Answer 16

impaired coordination not caused by weakness, spasticity, or contracture

Question 16

vermal or flocculonodular lesions

Answer 16

truncal ataxia

Question 17

lesions to paravermal region

Answer 17

gait and limb ataxia

Question 18

lateral cerebellar lesions

Answer 18

hand and finger ataxia

Question 19

lesions of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 19

nystagmus, unsteadiness, and difficulty maintaining balance

Question 20

paravermal and cerebrocerebellar lesions

Answer 20

dysarthria (motor speech disorder)

Question 21

spinocerebellar lesions

Answer 21

ataxic gait
dysdiadochokinesia
dysmetria
action tremor

Question 22

dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 22

inability to rapidly alternate movements

Question 23

dysmetria

Answer 23

inability to accurately move an intended distanced

Question 24

action tremor

Answer 24

shaking of the limb during voluntary movement